Master in Educational Management
Western Philippines University
College of Education
Graduate School – Rio Tuba Campus
FEM 604
Methods of Research
Presenter: MICHAEL D. YAYEN
Professor: JERGEN JEL A. CINCO-LABARIA
RESEARCH DESIGN
AND
METHODOLOGY
Leaning Outcomes
[Link] research design and methodology;
2. Explain the research design and methodology
needed for the study/project; and
3. Demonstrate full understanding of the
research design and methodology through giving
an explanation and examples in the discussion.
Introduction
Sileyew (2019) Research methodology is the path through
which researchers need to conduct their research. It shows the
path through which these researchers formulate their problem
and objective and present their result from the data obtained
during the study period.
In addition Sileyew (2019) states that research design and
methodology shows how the research outcome at the end will
be obtained in line with meeting the objective of the study.
Discussion
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
*The research methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis
of the procedures applied to a field of study (Kothari, 2004).
*It involves procedures of describing, explaining and predicting
phenomena so as to solve a problem; it is the ‘hows’; the process or
techniques of conducting research.
RESEARCH DESIGN
*Research design is the framework of research methods
and techniques chosen by a researcher. The design allows
researchers to hone in on research methods that are
suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies up
for success. (Bhat, 2020)
*According to Kothari (2004), research design is a plan, a
roadmap and blueprint strategy of investigation conceived
so as to obtain answers to research questions. It is the heart
of any study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Bhat (2020) discussed the four key characteristics of research design:
1. Neutrality
2. Reliability
3. Validity
4. Generalization
RESEARCH DESIGN
In addition Bhat (2020) mentioned the three main types of research
design:
1. Data collection
2. Measurement, and
3. Analysis.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
*A sampling technique is the name or other identification of the
specific process by which the entities of the sample have been selected
(OECD,2020)
*Fleetwood (2020) Sampling is a technique of selecting individual
members or a subset of the population to make statistical inferences
from them and estimate characteristics of the whole population.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Fleetwood (2020) gave the two types of sampling techniques:
1. Probability sampling: Probability sampling is a sampling
technique where a researcher sets a selection of a few criteria and
chooses members of a population randomly.
2. Non-probability sampling: In non-probability sampling, the
researcher chooses members for research at random. This sampling
method is not a fixed or predefined selection process.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
*According to DUQ (2020) a research instrument is a tool used to
collect, measure, and analyze data related to your subject.
*Research instruments can be tests, surveys, scales, questionnaires,
or even checklists.
DATA COLLECTION
*Data collection is a process of collecting information
from all the relevant sources to find answers to the
research problem, test the hypothesis and evaluate
the outcomes (Bhat, 2020).
DATA COLLECTION
Bhat (2020) tackled the two categories of data collection methods :
1. Secondary methods of data collection
*Secondary data is a type of data that has already been published in
books, newspapers, magazines, journals, online portals etc.
DATA COLLECTION
2. Primary methods of data collection. It can be divided into two
groups:
a. Quantitative data collection methods are based in mathematical
calculations in various formats. Methods of quantitative data collection
and analysis include questionnaires with closed-ended questions,
methods of correlation and regression, mean, mode and median and
others.
DATA COLLECTION
b. Qualitative research methods, on the contrary, do not involve
numbers or mathematical calculations. Qualitative research is closely
associated with words, sounds, feeling, emotions, colors and other
elements that are non-quantifiable.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Formplus (2020) stated that Data analysis is the
process of ordering, categorizing, manipulating,
and summarizing data to obtain answers to research questions. It is
usually the first step taken towards data interpretation.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Data interpretation is the process of reviewing data through some
predefined processes which will help assign some meaning to the data
and arrive at a relevant conclusion. It involves taking the result of data
analysis, making inferences on the relations studied, and using them to
conclude (Formplus 2020).
Conclusion
Suulola (2020) quoted that “There’s no discovery without a
search and there’s no rediscovery without a research. Every
discovery man ever made has always been concealed. It takes
searchers and researchers to unveil them, that’s what make an
insightful leader.”
For us to discover new things and ideas we need to embrace
the world of research and should be equipped with wide
knowledge regarding to its designs and methodologies. Since it
is agreed by Armstrong (2020) statement that "Research is
creating new knowledge."
Implication
This discussion implied that having enough knowledge and
background in research design and methodology is very important
because it will help us to be able to get our target which is being a
successful researcher.
Through this discussion I learned that research should be done
systematically and strictly follow all of its procedures to have a best
outcomes/results. It is once said that research should be in neutral,
valid, reliable, and all information and statement should be generalize
to avoid biases.
List of References
[1] Armstrong, N., 2020: Research quotes: 12 Research quotes that will inspire you. Retrieved from
[Link]
[2] Bhat A., 2020: Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types.
Retrieved from [Link]
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%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%[Link]%2Fblog%2Fresearch-design%2F
[3] Bhat A., 2020: Data Collection: Definition, Methods, Example and Design. Retrieved from https
://[Link]/v/s/[Link]/blog/data-collection/amp/?amp_js_v=a6&_gs
a=1&usqp=mq331AQFKAGwASA%3D#aoh=16053202718004&referrer=https%3A%2F%[Link]&_tf=From%20%251%24s&share=htt
ps%3A%2F%[Link]%2Fblog%2Fdata-collection%2F
[4] Duq, 2020: Research Instruments. Retrieved from [Link]
[5] Fleetwood, D., 2020: Types of Sampling: Sampling Methods with Examples. Retrieved from [Link]
[Link]/v/s/[Link]/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-research/amp/?
amp_js_v=a6&_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQFKAGwASA%3D#aoh=16053197444347&referrer=https%3A%2F%[Link]&_tf=From
%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%[Link]%2Fblog%2Ftypes-of-sampling-for-social-research%2F
List of References
[6] Formplus, 2020: What is Data Interpretation? Retrieved from
[Link]
amp_js_v=a6&_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQFKAGwASA%3D#aoh=16053205540150&referrer=https%3A%2F%[Link]&_tf=From
%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%[Link]%2Fblog%2Fdata-interpretation
[7] [Link], 2020: Sampling technique. Retrieved from [Link]
%20technique%20is%20the,the%20sample%20have%20been%20selected.
[8] Sileyew, K., 2019:Research Design and Methodology. Retrieved from [Link]
design-and-methodology
[9] Suulola, B., 2020, Research methodology quotes. Retrieved from [Link]
THANK YOU
