Professional Education 1

Group 1

Child and Adolescent

Learners And Learning
Principles
Dr. Marle Jaja Cocamas
Instructor
Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM
 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles

Acknowledgment
I would like to thank our Heavenly Father to give a
meaningful and healthy life. Thank you for our
Instructor to have this opportunity to be part of this
discussion and sharing the knowledge and learnings.
Especially to our colleagues that cooperating to perform
our report today.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles

Introduction:

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Was a Russian-born American psychologist who
is most known for his ecological system theory. His
work with the United States government helped in
the formation of the Head Start program in 1965. 
Bronfenbrenner's ability research was key in
changing the perspective of developmental
psychology by calling attention to the large number
of environmental and societal influences on child
development.

Urie Bronfenbrenner
(1917-2005)

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

The Bronfenbrenner theory emphasizes the importance

of studying children in multiple environments, also knows
as ecological systems, in the attempt to understand their
development.

According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory,

children typically find themselves enmeshed in various
ecosystems, from the most intimate home ecological system to
the larger school system, and then to the most expansive
system which includes society and culture

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Microsystem
The Bronfenbrenner theory suggests that the
microsystem is the smallest and most immediate
environment in which children live. As such, the
microsystem comprises the daily home school or daycare,
peer group and community environment of the children.

Interactions within the microsystem typically involve

personal relationships with family members, classmates,
teachers and caregivers. How these groups or individuals
interact with the children will affect how they grow.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Microsystem
One of the most significant findings that Urie
Bronfenbrenner unearthed in his study of ecological
systems is that it is possible for siblings who find
themselves in the same ecological system to experience
very different environments.

Therefore, given two sibling experiencing the same

microsystem, it is not impossible for the development of
them to progress in different manners. Each child’s
particular personality traits, such as temperament, which
is influenced by unique genetic and biological factors,
ultimately have a hand in how he/she is treated by others.
Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1
 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Mesosystem
The mesosystem encompasses the interaction of the
different microsystems which children find themselves in.
it is, in essence, a system of microsystems and as such
involves linkages between home and school, between
peer group and family and between family and
community.
According to Bronfenbrenner’s theory, if a child’s
parents are actively involved in the friendships of their
child, for example they invited their child’s friends over to
their house from time to time and spend time with them,
then the child’s development is affected positively through
harmony and like-mindedness.
Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1
 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Mesosystem

However, if the child’s parents dislike child’s peers and

openly criticize them, then the child experiences
disequilibrium and conflicting emotions, which will likely
lead to negative development

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Exosystem

The exosystem pertains to the linkages that may exist

between two or more settings, one of which may not
contain the developing children but affect them indirectly
nonetheless.

Based on the findings of Bronfenbrenner, people and

places that children may not directly interact with may still
have an impact on their lives. Such places and people
may include the parents’ workplaces, extended family
members, and the neighborhood the children liven in.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Exosystem

For example, a father who is continually passed up to

promotion by an indifferent boss at the workplace may
take it out on his children and mistreat them at home.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Macrosystem

The macrosystem is the largest and most distant

collection of people and places to the children that still
have significant influences on them. This ecological
system is composed of the children’s cultural patterns an
values, specifically their dominant beliefs and ideas, as
well as political and economic systems.

For example, children in war-torn areas will experience

a different king of development than children in peaceful
environments.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Chronosystem

The Bronfenbrenner theory suggest that the

chronosystem adds the useful dimension of time, which
demonstrates the influence of both change and constancy
in the children’s environments. The chronosystem may
include a change in family structure, address, parent’s
employment status, as well as immense society changes
such as economic cycles and wars.

Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1

 Prof Ed1 – Child and Adolescent Learners And Learning Principles Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Chronosystem
By studying the various ecological systems, Bronfenbrenner’s
Ecological Systems Theory is able to demonstrate the diversity of
interrelated influences on children’s development. Awareness of the
contexts that children are in can sensitize us to variations in the way
children may act in different settings.

For example, a child who frequently bullies smaller children at school

may portray the role of a terrified victim at home. Due to these
variations, adults who are concerned with the care of a particular child
should pay close attention to his/her behavior in different settings, as
well as to the quality and type of connections the exist between these
settings.
Sat. 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM Group 1