Grammar focus
GERUNDS
& INFINITIVES
Objective
■ To identify complex forms of gerunds and
infinitives and get to use them to talk
about daily events.
■ What activities are you interested in?
■ What are you Good at?
■ What what do you plan to do this weekend?
■ What would you like to do once the pandemic is over?
OVERVIEW OF GERUNDS
AND INFINITIVES
LET’S REMEMBER THAT:
GERUNDS
• (VERB + ING)
INFINITIVES
• (TO + VERB)
COMPLEX GERUNDS
AND INFINITIVES
He denied having stolen the
Perfect
money.
gerund
She regretted having
married too early.
Perfect gerund -> main verb + auxiliary
(have) ing + verb
He was excited Her boyfriend
I regret having I’m happy about
about having denied having
resigned from my having seen my
watched the met another girl
old job. Now I am family before the
soccer match from while she was
unemployed. pandemic started.
start to finish. away.
I’M HAPPY ABOUT SEEING MY FAMILY
present!!!
■ I’m happy about HAVING SEEN MY FAMILY
■ I’M HAPPY ABOUT HAVING STUDIED LAST YEAR
■ I’M HAPPY ABOUT STUDYING ENGLISH THIS YEAR
Perfect gerund is mostly used with admit and deny
verbs.
Perfect infinitive
It was stupid of me to have
left.
I’m very glad to
I’m very glad to
have
work here. (=now
worked here. (=in
)
the past)
We need to use the perfect forms to make clear that the action
expressed by the infinitive was previous to the action described by
the main verb.
Use it after ….
The basic adjectives;
The basic verbs ;
glad, lucky,
seem, appear,
fortunate, happy,
pretend, hope,
pleased, content,
wish…
likely
Perfect Infinitive -> Subject + main verb
+ to + have + verb past participle
I hope to have passed the
test; it was very hard.!
I wish to have visited my
best friend when I had the
time. Now I’m very busy
I’m happy to have passed the
exam
More She is fortunate to have received
examples … a good education.
They seem to have been
surprised at the news.
Continuous infinitive We use the
continuous
infinitive the
express that the
action is in
progress around
I’m glad to be spending this
weekend with you.
the time
expressed by the
main verb.
Perfect continuous
We use the
infinitive perfect
continuous
I’m glad to have been sharing my infinitive to
life with you. express duration
from earlier in the
past towards the
time expressed
They are thought to have been by the main verb.
hiding in the mountains.
More Examples
She seemed to have been crying
He pretended to have been working but he was
actually playing with his Friends.
I would have preferred to have been travelling
last year instead of being trapped in my house.
She might have been talking with her friend
before you came in.
■ They say that the man upstairs is a thief.
■ It is said that the man upstairs is a thief.
■ The man upstairs is said to be a thief.
■ People think that he has deserted his family.
■ It is thought that he has deserted his family.
■ He is thought to have deserted his family.
■ We think that he is waiting there now.
■ It is thought that he is waiting there now.
■ He is thought to be waiting there now.
■ People say that he was working very hard.
■ It is said that he was working very hard.
■ He is said to have been working very hard.
Perfect infinitive after After passive
passive reporting verbs reporting verbs,
we use the
They are believed to
be lovers. (=now) simple or
continuous
They are believed to have infinitive to refer
been lovers. (=in the past)
to the present or
She is thought to be living in future, and the
Brussels. (=now) perfect
She is thought to have been
infinitives to
living in Brussels (=from the past refer to the past.
till now)
Perfect & continuous infinitive
after would like, would hate, We always use the
would rather, would prefer perfect infinitive
I would like to see you once more. (=in the after would like,
future)
would hate, would
I would like to have seen you once more. (=in rather, would
the past)
prefer to refer to an
She would rather be with you. (=now) earlier action or
event.
She would rather have been with you. (=in the
past)
Passive infinitive
– I don’t want you to tell me what to do.
– I don’t want to be told what to do.
– I didn’t expect she would invite me to her wedding.
– I didn’t expect to be invited to her wedding.
The passive gerund
■ I don’t mind that you tell me what to do
■ I don’t mind being told what to do
■ he said that nobody offered him money.
■ He denied having been offered money to kill the senator
Passive infinitives and gerunds
We use passive
infinitives or
He is too young to be allowed to be
here. passive gerunds to
describe actions
which are done to
This place needs to be taken care of.
the subject.
I don’t mind being told what to do.
He denied having been offered money
to kill the senator.
Activity # 1
■ Discuss the following topics using
infinitives and gerunds. Use the
appropriate simple, perfective,
progressive, or passive form and give
reasons for your response for each item.
A PLACE YOU ARE
EXCITED ABOUT HAVING
SEEN
ANOTHER NAME YOU
WOULD LIKE TO HAVE
BEEN NAMED
A JOB YOU WOULD LIKE
TO BE DOING RIGHT NOW
A FAMOUS PERSON IN
HISTORY YOU WOULD LIKE
TO HAVE MET
A
TOPIC/MAJOR/COURSE/LANGUAGE
YOU WOULD LIKE TO HAVE BEEN
STUDYING BY NOW
A STORY YOU LIKED
BEING TOLD AS A CHILD
A FEELING YOU HAD AFTER HAVING BEEN
RECOGNIZED FOR SOMETHING
I FELT PROUD AFTER HAVING BEEN
AWARDED A SCHOLARSHIP
I FELT HAPPY AFTER HAVING BEEN GIVEN A
DIPLOMA WHEN I WAS IN HS..
PRACTICE
https://www.polleverywhere.com/competitions/A5N5JrkBvjlgoX6Jw6wrw
SPEAKING TASK
BE PREPARED TO BE
PART OF A TRIVIA GAME
IN WHICH YOU’LL BE
ASKED DIFFERENT
QUESTIONS ABOUT
HISTORICAL EVENTS.
ATTENDANCE AND
PARTICIPATION IN
CLASS IS A MUST
DUE DATE:
FRIDAY 13th
Writing Task
Describe an important historical event you know about, and you would like to have witnessed.
You should answer these questions:
■ what event is it? – when did it happen? - who or what was involved in it ?
■ Why would you like to have witnessed that event?
■ Is there any important person/character from that time you would like to have met? Why?
■ Describe what the world would be like if that important event hadn't happened.
IMPORTANT! Write the composition using the grammar structures seen during this WEEK.
It should have the following structure:
1. Introduction
2. Body paragraphs - 2
3. Conclusion
Reading ■
Practice
