CD 321

MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY II
LECTURE 2: Multimedia Networking
Outline
Audio and video compression standards.
Multimedia Networking applications
Real time streaming protocol
Multimedia Networking
• Computer networks were designed to connect computers
on different locations so that they can share data and
communicate.
• In the old days, most of the data carried on networks was
textual data.
Contd..
• Today, with the rise of multimedia and network
technologies, multimedia has become an indispensable
feature on the Internet.
• Animation, voice and video clips become more and more
popular on the Internet.
Contd..
• Multimedia networking products like Internet telephony,
Internet TV, video conferencing have appeared on the
market.
• Voice over IP also called IP telephony is a method and
group of technologies of delivery of voice communication
and multimedia sessions over Internet protocol networks,
such as the internet.
Contd.
• In the future, people would enjoy other multimedia
products in distance learning, distributed simulation,
distributed work groups and other areas.
Contd..
• Multimedia networking is the process of building the
hardware and software infrastructure and application tools
to support multimedia transport on networks so that  users
can communicate in multimedia.
• Multimedia networking greatly boost the use the of
computer as a communication tool.
• In the future, multimedia networks will replace telephone,
television and other inventions that had dramatically
changed the life.
Contd..
• The transportation of multimedia over the network
requires timely and errorless transmission much more
strictly than other data.
• This had led to special protocols and to special treatment
in multimedia applications (telephony, IP-TV, streaming) to
overcome network issues.
Multimedia Networking applications
• Streaming stored audio and video.
 Stored media: fast rewind, pause, fast forward.
 Streaming: simultaneously play out and download
 Continuous play out: delay jitter smoothed by play out buffer.
• Streaming live audio and video: IPTV and internet radio.
 No fast forward.
• High data rate to large number of users
Multicast or P2P
Delay jitter controlled by caching.
• Real time interactive audio and video : internet telephone,
video conferencing.
Multimedia on internet
• Best effort service.
• TCP not used due to retransmission delay.
• Limited packet loss tolerated.
• Packets jitter smoothed by buffering
• Soft guarantee: quality of service with a high probability.
• High bandwidth.
• Content distribution networks.
Audio compression
• Audio coding format/Audio compression format is
a content representation format for storage or
transmission of digital audio such as in digital
television, digital radio and in audio and video files.
• A specific software or hardware implementation capable
of audio compression and decompression to/from a
specific audio coding format is called an audio codec.
Audio compression standards
• 4khz audio- audio sampled at 8000 sample per second (is
not good music)
• 256 levels per sample- 8 bits/sample= 64 kbps (for
telephone)
• CD use 44.1 k sample/s, 16 b/sample = 705.6 kbps
(mono) or 1.411 mbps (stereo)
• GSM cell phone 13 kbps
• MPEG1 layer 3 (Mp3): 96 kbps. 128 kbps, 160 kbps.
human auditory system (22 kHz)
Video compression
• A video coding format (or sometimes video
compression format) is a content representation
format for storage or transmission of digital video
content (such as in a data file or bit stream).
• Examples of video coding formats include MPEG-2 Part
2, MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264 (MPEG-4 Part
10), HEVC, Theora, RealVideo RV40, VP9, and AV1.
• A specific software or hardware implementation capable
of video compression and/or decompression to/from a
specific video coding format is called a video codec.
Video compression standards
• Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG)
• MPEG 1: CD quality video (1.5 mbps)
• MPEG 2: DVD quality video (3-6 mbps)
• MPEG 4: Low rate High quality video (.Mp4)
• H.261: H.261 was originally designed for transmission
over ISDN lines on which data rates are multiples of 64
kbit/s.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of
communication standards for
simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data,
and other network services over the digitalised circuits of
the public switched telephone network.
Exercise
NB: Make sure you do all questions
1. What Is Mpeg-1 Audio Compression Standard?
2. Explain Mpeg-21 and What Applications Are Suitable
For Using Mpeg-21?
3. Discussion the advantages and disadvantages of
Video compression
4. Discussion the advantages and disadvantages of
audio compression.
5. Is It Necessary To Compress Files? If yes then why?
6. Give five examples of audio and video decoder.
7. Discuss Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video &
audio coding formats.
Web Server vs. Streaming Server
• Web server sends whole file as one object.
• Streaming server sends at a constant rate.
Real time streaming protocol (RTSP)
• RTSP is a protocol that control streaming media.
• Allows start, stop, pause, fast forward, rewind a stream.
• Data and control channels
• All commands are sent on control channel (port 544)
• Specified as a URL in web pages:
rtsp://www. [Link] tz/…..
RTSP Operation
RTSP Exchange Example