FIXED

PARTIA
D
L ENTUR
E
CLASSIFICATION
and
TYPES of
FPD
 1. SIMPLE FIXED
BRIDGE
A. Rigidly Fixed
Bridge
-permits no
individual or
independent
movements of its
parts and is also
known as
STATIONARY
FIXED BRIDGE
 B.Semi –Fixed
Bridge
-one which allows
some individual
or separate
movements of
some of its parts
and is also known
as LIMITED
STATIONARY /
BROKEN
STRESS
BRIDGE
 C. Cantilever
Bridge
-one which has
one or more
abutments at
one end of the
bridge while
the other end
is
unsupported
 2. COMPOUND FIXED BRIDGE

-a combination
fixed partial
denture which
employs two or
more of the
simple type in
one restoration Rigidly fixed
bridge
SUBCLASSIFICATION ACCORDING
TO LOCATION
A. Anterior or Labial
Bridge
- Limited to incisor region
B. Posterior or Buccal Bridge
- from canine posteriorly to
include premolars and molars
C. Combination Antero-Posterior
Bridge or Labio-Buccal bridge
COMPONE NTS
OF FIXED
B R I DGE
 1. Abutment
 It
is the
selected
remaining
tooth or teeth
where a
crown or a
bridge is
attached
 2. Retainer
 Itis the
artificial
crown or
crowns used
to attach
the bridge
to the
abutment
tooth/teeth.
 3. Pontic
 artificial crown
used to restore the
missing tooth or
teeth in the arch
and may either
be:
all porcelain;
porcelain fused to
metal; plastic
attached to metal;
and all plastic
 4. Connector
 Serves to
connect
retainer on one
side to the other
retainer on the
other side of the
bridge as well
as unites all the
other parts of
the bridge
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE
THE
COMPONENTS
SELECTION
A. Abutment
 with vital pulp
 with normal amount of
periodontal
attachment
 capable of supporting
additional forces to which it
will be subjected as p art of
itspreparation must be such
that its retentive power shall be
sufficient to resist the
displacing forces to which it
will be exposed
 B. Retainer
-
must be so designed that
it has sufficient strength
-
margins prevent irritation
of the soft tissues and
recurrence of caries
- must be self-cleansing
- does not corrode or
tarnish
- does not discolor
- it is aesthetic
 C. Pontics
-restore the function of the tooth
replaces it
-meet the demands of esthetics and
comfort
-be biologically acceptable to the tissues
- ensure its sanitation
-preventtissue inflammation of
underlying residual ridge mucosa
 4. Connector
 connector should
be approximately 2mm. in
 size
Connector should always pass
through what would be normal
contact area of teeth being
replaced
 allows for creation of normal
embrasures and
interdental spaces
 Incisal/occlusal surface of
connector never
should edge, whichhave
sharp presents
cleavage point to porcelain
 Connector should be contoured
interproximally to allow for
equal porcelain cover age on
adjoining teeth
Proper placement of connector
in the anterior and posterior
teeth
Anterior and Posterior Pontic
Design
Characteristics:
 All surfaces should be
convex, smooth and properly
 finished
The occlusal table must be in
functional harmony the
occlusion
with of all the teeth
 The overall length of the buccal
surface should be equal to that
of the adjacent abutments/pontic
 Thelingual contour should be in
harmony with adjacent teeth or
pontics
Factors Influencing
Fixed Bridge Design
 1. Crown Length
-teeth must have adequate
occlusocervical crown length to
achieve sufficient retention
2. Crown Form
-some teeth have tapered
crown form which interferes
with parallelism
-incisors possessing very thin
highly translucent incisal edges
 3. Degree of Mutilation
-size, number and location of
carious lesions or restorations affect
whether full or partial coverage
retainers are indicated
-fractured or carious teeth not
restorable should be removed
thereby altering design and
creating the need for a prosthesis
 4. Root Length and Form
-roots with parallel sides and
developmental depressions are better able to
resist additional occlusal forces than are
smooth-sided conical roots
-multirooted teeth generally provide
greater stability than single-rooted teeth
-longer root has better retention than
short root
5. Crown-Root Ratio
- 1:1.5 ratio has been generally
acceptable whereas 1:1 ratio is considered
minimal and requires consideration of other
factors (ex. # of tth being replaced, tooth
mobility, periodontal health) before it can
be used as an abutment
6. Ante’s Law
-periodontal ligament area/pericemental
area of the abutment teeth should be
equal or greater than the periodontal
ligament area/pericemental area of the
missing tooth/teeth

1
7. Periodontal Health
- absence of form
periodontal
any disease of
bone resorption such
gingival
as
and recession
8. Mobility
– MILLER MOBILITY VALUE
1 o mobility – normal
2 o mobility – still acceptable
provided that you must know the
factor that cause the mobility (px
age, presence of calcular deposit)
and consider the # of tth being
replaced
3o mobility – can not be used as
an abutment/for extraction
 9. Span Length
-distance between abutments affects the
feasibility of placing fixed prosthesis
- ideal for 1-2 missing tth
-loss of 3 adjacent tth requires careful
evaluation of other factors (crown-root ratio,
root length and form, periodontal health,
mobility)

Secondary
Primary abutment abutment
 10. Axial Alignment
- crowns of proposed abutments must
be well aligned
- minor alterations in axial alignment
(tipped/rotated) often necessitate the
use of full coverage crowns to
achieve retention or acceptable
esthetics
 11. Arch
Form
leve leve
r r
fulcrum line fulcrum line

counter-balancing
12. Occlusion
- occlusal forces brought to bear
on a prostheses are related to the
ff:
a. degree of muscular activity
b. patients habit
c. # of tth being replaced
d. leverage on
e. adequacy of the bridge
bone support
13. Pulpal Health
-abutment/s should not be
sensitiveto percussion or
vitality testing
-abutments with poor pulpal
health should undergo
endodontic tx prior to to oth

preparation
 14.
Alveolar Ridge Form
- not indicated for FPD if
there is considerable bone loss
Horizontal bone loss
Vertical bone loss
15. Age of Patient
- not indicated in older
patient as well as adolescents
when teeth are not fully
erupted or with large pulps
16. Phonetics
- patients prefer FPD for
good phonation (provides
sufficient resistance to the
flow of air to allow normal
speech sounds to be
produced) rather than RPD
 17.Long-Term
Abutment Prognosis
- take note of the oral hygiene
-if there is question on the ability of
the remaining supporting structure to
accept additional occlusal forces, RPD
is indicated
-tooth with sufficient loss of
periodontal support and questionable
prognosis may be best treate d with an
RPD rather than an FPD
18. Esthetics
-prefer FPD because it
resembles natural tooth
-but RPD may be indicated
when the use of a pontic
produces large and unsightly
proximal embrasures in a fixed
prostheses.
19. Psychological Factors
-to most pxs an FPD feels more
normal than an RPD and more
quickly becomes an accepted part
of the oral environment
-px feels more confident and looks
good wearing FPD th an RPD