Data organisation/Classification
Refers to the process of
arranging data into
sequences and groups
according to their
common characteristics,
or separating them into
different but related parts.
QUALITATIVE CLASSIFICATION
• The variables are arranged according to some
attributes like gender, religion etc.
QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION
• The variables are arranged on the basis of
numerical values like wages, profit, height,
weight, expenditure, income, sales etc.
CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
Data are classified with reference to the period of
time i.e hours, days, months, years, weeks etc.
States Production
Punjab 1200
Haryana 780
Gujarat 900
TYPES OF SERIES
S.NO. MARKS
MARKS F WEIGHT
1 200 200 5 62.5 CONTINUOUS
2 250
250 1 62
3 320
320 3 62.7
460 2
4 460 64
480 2
5 200 64.3
490 1 CI
6 480 64.9
500 1 62-64
7 320 INDIVIDUAL 65.5
TOTAL NO.OF 15
8 490 ITEMS
66.4 64-66
9 500
66.9
10 200 66-68
67.5
11 200
68
12 320
13 480
DISCRETE
14 460
15 200
TOTAL 15
NO.OF
ITEMS
INDIVIDUAL SERIES
items are listed singly
CONTINUOUS
(OR)
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
BASIC TERMS RELATED TO A CLASS
CLASS
Group of numbers in which items are placed such as 0-10,
10-20,20-30 etc
CLASS LIMITS
The lowest and highest values of the variables within a class
is called class limit.
for eg., if
class is 0-10, then the lower limit will be ‘0’
upper limit will be ’10’
CLASS – INTERVAL (Magnitude, Size, Length)
The difference between the Upper limit and the
Lower limit is known as the class interval.
RANGE
of a frequency distribution can be expressed as the
difference between the upper limit of the last class
interval and the lower limit of the first class interval
for eg., if classes are 0-10, 10-20.... 70-80
RANGE will be (80-0) = 80
MID-POINT/MID-VALUE
Is the central point of the class-interval
In a class of 10-20,
mid-point = 10+20/2 = 15
FREQUENCY
Number of items (observations) falling within a
particular class, if a class 0-20 has 10 students, then
10 will be the frequency
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Table which shows how the different values of a
variable are distributed in different classes along
with their class frequency
CLASS FREQUENCY
The number of observations corresponding to the
particular class
Identify class , class limit, class-interval,
range, mid-point, frequency, class
frequency
TYPES OF CONTINUOUS SERIES
• There are 5 methods of classifying the data
according to class interval namely
1. Exclusive series
2. Inclusive series
3. Cumulative frequency
4. Open-end class
5. Mid value of a class
CONTINUOUS SERIES
INCLUSIVE CLASS
Monthly Frequencies
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY SERIES earnings
Cumulative series are derived by progressive 30 – 40 20
total of frequency of individual class intervals. 40 – 50 50
They are of two types: 50 – 60 100
60 - 70 40
i) Less than type distribution(Upper limit)
70 - 80 35
ii)More than type distribution(Lower limit)
80- 90 10
Monthly Frequencies Less CF Monthly Frequencies More CF
earnings than earnings than
30 – 40 20 <40 20 30 – 40 20 >30 255
40 – 50 50 <50 70 40 – 50 50 >40 235
50 – 60 100 <60 170 50 – 60 100 >50 185
60 - 70 40 <70 210 60 - 70 40 >60 85
70 - 80 35 <80 245 70 - 80 35 >70 45
80- 90 10 <90 255 80- 90 10 >80 10
Test yourself
1.Classify
the following data in a discrete
frequency Series
12,14,16,13,15,12,14,15,13,13,16,17,12,15,16
Marks Tally Marks Frequency
12 lll 3
13 lll 3
14 ll 2
15 lll 3
16 lll 3
17 l 1
Σf=15
2. 3 5 7 7 8 10 12 13 13 15
16 18 19 20 21 22 22 24 26 27
28 28 29 30 34 35 35 40 44 45
45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 49
Prepare a continuous frequency table
Marks(CI) Tally Frequency
0-10 IIII 5
10-20 IIII III 8
20-30 IIII IIII 10
30-40 IIII 4
40-50 IIII IIII 13
Σf=40
3. Prepare an inclusive series taking C.I as 5
3 4 6 8 8 9 10 12 12 14
14 15 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 19
Marks(C-I) TALLY Frequency
0-4 II 2
5-9 IIII 4
10-14 IIII 5
15-19 IIII IIII 9
Σf=20
4. Convert the following series into less than and more than
Marks(C.I) Frequency
0-10 5
10-20 8
20-30 10
30-40 4
40-50 13
Less than marks Frequency More than marks Frequency
Less than 10 5 More than 0 40
Less than 20 13 More than 10 35
Less than 30 23
More than 20 27
Less than 40 27
More than 30 17
Less than 50 40
More than 40 13
