Lecture Slides
Chapter 13
Gears – General
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2012
Chapter 13
Gears – General
Prepared By:
S. Ehsan Layegh K.
Assistant Professor,
MEF University,
Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Chapter Outline
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Types of Gears
Spur
Helical Bevel
Wor
m
hypoid bevel gear Figs. 13–1 to 13–4 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
History
From “Modern Time” movie. Charlie Chaplin 1936
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History
Continuously variable transmission (CVT) by Da Vinci 1490.
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History
First exploded view from a mechanical
engineering system, by Da Vinci 1400s.
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History
Water-Raising Machines near Aleppo
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History
Twin Cylinder Suction Pump, Al-Jazari 1588.
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Applications
Power
transmission
in automobile
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Applications
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Nomenclature of Spur-Gear Teeth
Fig. 13–5 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Clearance and Backlash
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Tooth Size
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Conjugate Action
When surfaces roll/slide
against each other and
produce constant angular
velocity ratio, they are said
to have conjugate action.
Fig. 13–6
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Conjugate Action
Forces are transmitted on line of
action which is normal to the
contacting surfaces.
Angular velocity ratio is
inversely proportional to the
radii to point P, the pitch point.
Circles drawn through P from
each fixed pivot are pitch
circles, each with a pitch radius.
To transmit motion at a constant
angular velocity ratio, the pitch
point must remain fixed.
Fig. 13–6
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Involute Profile
The most common conjugate profile is the involute profile.
Can be generated by unwrapping a string from a cylinder, keeping
the string taut and tangent to the cylinder.
Circle is called base circle.
Fig. 13–8
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Involute Profile Producing Conjugate Action
Fig. 13–7 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Relation of Base Circle to Pressure Angle
Fig. 13–10 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Circles of a Gear Layout
Base circle
Pitch circle
c
P
a b
Pressure Line
d
Pitch circle
Base circle
Addendum circle Dedendum circle
Fig. 13–9 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Sequence of Gear Layout
• Pitch circles in contact
• Pressure line at desired
pressure angle
• Base circles tangent to
pressure line
• Involute profile from
base circle
• Cap teeth at addendum
circle at 1/P from pitch
circle
• Root of teeth at
dedendum
circle at 1.25/P from Fig. 13–9
pitch circle
• Tooth spacing from
circular pitch, p = / P
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Tooth Sizes in General Use
Table 13–2
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Standardized Tooth Systems (Spur Gears)
Table 13–1
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Standardized Tooth Systems
Common pressure angle : 20º and 25º
Old pressure angle: 14 ½º
Common face width:
3p F 5p
p
P
3 5
F
P P
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