TECHPOST-2019
National Level Technical Poster Presentation
ADVANCES IN MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE TREATMENT
Dhanashree Jagtap, Deepali Kadam, Sejal Baviskar
Department Of Chemical Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai
ABSTRACT MEMBRANES FOR WASTE TREATMENT . MEMBRANES FOR PROCESS
Research into the use of membrane-based processes
AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION INTENSIFICATION
in the industry is an interesting area for modern membrane Water supply and environmental protection are two 1. Olefins- Paraffin's Separation via
science and technology. The main purpose is to describe important challenges of the current century. Also, daily Facilitated Transport Membrane
and discuss well recognized and also promising aspects of discharge of large amounts of wastewater, domestic and Recently membrane processes are used for the olefins-
membrane usage in the industry with the focus on waste industrial effluents and other gaseous and liquid paraffin's separation. Having many advantages like
management and environmental protection, energy pollutants to the environment has been made the earth simplicity, energy saving, easy operation, etc. IV. The
conversion and membrane processes. With growing global more and more unsafe for living. separation experiment is based on trans-membrane
demand for wastewater treatment solutions, membrane pressure, carrier Concentration and feed mix.
technology emerges as a leading process for industrial 1. Wastewater Treatment
wastewater treatment and Water reuse. Membrane • BOD and COD Reduction 2. Solvent Dewaxing
separation technology has been considered one of the most The membrane processes can be used to concentrate and The new application of Reverse Osmosis in Chemical
promising solutions to these problems, as it has a number purify simultaneously wastewater containing both Industry is the separation of organic mixtures, but it is
of advantages: a small footprint, high efficiency, and inorganics and organics. Both UF and RO membranes used difficult because of high osmotic pressure & it can be
relatively low costs. The poster also includes coverage of for COD and BOD reduction in wastewaters depend on the overcome by solvent dewaxing (separation by using
all the major types of membranes, includes discussions of size of the organic molecules membrane that are sufficiently solvent resistant).
important strategic issues and the future of membrane
technology. • Heavy Metal Ion Removal 3. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
MBR process has now becomes an attractive option for
Membrane processes provide a viable alternative for heavy
INTRODUCTION the treatment and reuse of industrial, domestic and
metal recovery, as they can achieve high permeate costs
municipal wastewater.
Membrane technology fluxes and high rejection coefficients with low energy and
under mild conditions.
It is a generic term for a number of different, very
characteristic separation processes. These processes are of
the same kind, because in each of them a membrane is used. 2. Nuclear Waste Treatment
Membrane processes enable radioactive impurities to be
separated from waste stream by selective passage of certain
components of the stream through a membrane. Various
membrane-based methods have been developed for this
purpose. The most important ones are reverse osmosis,
nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, precipitation ultrafiltration,
complexation ultrafiltration, microfiltration, osmotic
concentrator, electrodialysis, electrodeionixation, diffusion
dialysis and Donnan dialysis, and liquid membranes.
4. Nano-Composite Gas Separation
Membrane
• Membrane gas separation is attractive because of it's
simplicity and low energy costs, but often limited by
insufficient gas flux and inverse relationship
between permeability and selectivity.
• That's why recently, polymer-inorganic nano-
composite material have been developed to improve
The membranes are also used for energy the physical properties of polymer membrane.
conversions:
CHALLENGES AND PROMISING
SOLUTIONS
Hydrogen Separation-
Fuel Cells- CHALLENGES
Membranes for hydrogen
Fuel cells are energy
3. Air pollution
separation are available • Membrane processes such as MF, NF, UF and RO are
converters fed with • Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds currently used for water reuse, brackish water and
for different temperature
ranges. A membrane hydrogen or renewable from Air seawater.
reactor can increase the fuels like methanol to Selective membrane absorption used for the removal of • Polymer based membranes are mostly used
overall conversion of a produce electric current. volatile organic compounds integrates the advantages of membrane material but because some polymers, are
thermodynamic The Proton Exchange absorption and membrane gas separation. hydrophobic, polymeric membranes are prone to
equilibrium-controlled Membrane is needed to fouling.
reaction by continuously carry the hydrogen ions • Removal of SO2 from Exhaust Gases • This leads to blockage of membrane pores and
removing one or more of i.e. proton from anode to “Double alkaline process" which can be applied to decrease membrane performance, which increases
the reaction products membrane absorbers Sulfur dioxide, which was being operation cost by demanding extra cleaning process.
cathode through it.
during the reaction recovered by membrane absorption in the form of sodium
PROMISING SOLUTIONS
sulfite, may be again used in the production process
• For polymeric membranes, surface modification of
Power generation by the polymer is essential; such surface modification
CO2 capture and power Pressure Retarded • Removal of CO2 from Exhaust Gases includes grafting, blending and incorporation of
generation- Osmosis(PRO)- Liquid membranes have been considered to be an nanomaterials such as TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, carbon
As emission of CO2 Osmotic power using effective means for removal of acidic components such as nanotubes and graphene oxide.
during power generation PRO is one of the most CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other process gases.
causes an increase in the promising renewable CONCLUSION
global temperature so energy sources. PRO is
• Much research and development effort is needed in
there is need to capture the technique to seperate
CO2 . There are many a solvent from a solution order to commercialize membranes in the
membrane technologies that is more international market.
used available concentrated . A • The increased world-wide competitiveness in
membranes for separation semipermeable production has forced industry to improve current
of CO2 are polymeric as membrane allows the process designs and also the increased importance of
they have highly solvent to pass to natural environment.
selectivity for CO2 . concentrated solution • There is a need for both basic and applied research to
side by osmosis. develop new membranes with improved properties
and new membrane processes.
