RUTH ANN RIVERA TOMAS

SCIENCE TEACHER
 What I Know
 1. An object from a certain
height falls freely. Which of the
• 2. How do you compare the PE
following happens to PE and KE
of the moving object at the
when the object is half on its highest point compared to its
way down? KE?
A. loses PE and gains KE A.PE is greater than KE
B. gains PE and loses KE B. PE is equal to KE
C. loses both PE and KE C. PE is lesser than KE
D. gains both PE and KE D.KE is greater than PE
 What I Know
 3. Which of the following
quantities has the greatest
influence on the amount of 4. Which of the following pair of
kinetic energy of a car while quantities are the factors that
traveling on a highway? affect kinetic energy?
A. force and distance
A. mass
B. mass and height
B. size
C. mass and speed
C. speed
D. time and height
D. weight
 What I Know
5. Which point has increasing
For Questions 5-6. Refer to kinetic energy?
the illustration below. A. Point C
B. Point B
C. Point A
D. Point A & C
6. Which point has the greatest
potential energy?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point A & C
 What I Know
7. Which of the following statements
is TRUE about potential energy? 8. Which of the following
does not affect the amount
A. It is dependent on the speed of an of potential energy of an
object.
object?
B. It does not depend on the mass of A. mass
the object.
B. speed
C. It does not depend on the strength
C. height or location
of gravity.
D. strength of gravity
D. It is affected by the mass and
location of an object with respect to
the ground.
 What I Know
9. The following applies the
concept of potential energy
EXCEPT: 10. What happens to the kinetic
energy of an object if its speed
A. water in a dam is doubled?
B. a person playing the guitar A. twice as much
C. a rock sitting at the edge of a B. thrice as much
cliff C. increases four times
D. tree branches high up in a tree D. decreases four times
Lesson 1- Potential Energy and
Kinetic Energy

Energy: The ability to do work

Work is being done whenever some
physical force is being used to move an
object to some distance
Energy: The ability to do work
All objects contain energy in one form or another

Can take the form of

Motion -Sound
Position -Electricity
Heat
Light

It can never be destroyed

It can only be converted from one form to another
Lesson 1- Potential Energy and
Kinetic Energy
Energy means that
 factories can make things,
 birds can fly,
 light bulbs can glow and
 tigers can roar,
 your computer can work.
 wind can blow,
 sun can shine,
 cars
Without energy, there would be
can go fast,
nothing: no life, no
movement, no light, … nothing
Lesson 1- Potential Energy and
Kinetic Energy
Let us consider the following situations:
 A fast-moving softball hit a stationary, open door which caused it to
move.
 An object lifted to a certain height using a rope, elevated the object
from the ground.
 A hammer struck on a nail that was placed on a piece of wood,
pushed the nail into the wood.
 A toy car’s key was twisted, placed on the floor and started to move.

In all these situations, forces acting on the objects are doing

work. An object requires energy to do work.
 Consider two objects A and B that are about to
interact with each other.
1. When object A is pushed, an applied force is doing
work on it.
2. Object A possesses kinetic energy while moving
towards a stationary object B.
3. In this situation, object A loses energy while object B
gains energy.
4. When this happens, energy is transferred from object
A to object B.
5.This indicates that any object that has energy can do
work.
Energy is the ability or capacity to do work.

Its unit is the same as the unit of work, expressed in

joule (J) in the SI system.

One (1) J is the energy needed to accomplish one (1)

joule of work.

A larger unit of energy called kilojoule (kJ) is

sometimes used. One (1) kJ is equal to1000 J.
 Potential
Work
Energy
Kinetic
Fill in the blanks. Do not use the
Mechanical
crossword puzzle.
Joule
 What is It

Potential Energy
In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting the box
is doing work on it.

Which or who is doing work in

Figure 1?
Is it the table, the box, or the man?

Figure 1. A man lifting a box

 What is It Yes, you are correct! The man is doing
work on the box. Specifically, the force he
applied while lifting is doing work on the
box.
Potential Energy
What
In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting theis the direction of the force
box
is doing work on it. exerted by the man on the box?
What is the direction of the motion
of the box?

Work is a way to transmit energy.

When the man exerted force in lifting
the box, he loses energy.
Figure 1. A man lifting a box Work is done on the box, and the box
gains energy
 force of gravity is the force exerted by the Earth on all things.

F = Weight = mg

The work done in lifting the object is:

W = Fd
where, the displacement (d) is the height (h) the object is
raised.

Thus, the work done in lifting the object against the

gravitational force is given by
W=mgh
The energy that the body gains or losses with
respect to its position is called potential energy
(PE) and is given by
PE=mgh

where: PE is the potential energy in joules (J);

m is the object's mass in kilograms (kg);
g is the acceleration due to gravity which
is 9.8 m/s²;
h is the height of the object from the
reference point (e.g., ground) in
meters (m).
Kinetic Energy

What is common in the following

situations?
 A running athlete on the track,
 A flowing water on the ground,
 A falling coconut from its tree,
 A rolling rock on the seashore
 A soaring airplane into the air.
 Remember:
Kinetic Energy  Any object that moves possesses
energy and can do work.
What is common in the following  An object that moves quicker can do
situations? more work than an identical object
 A running athlete on the track, that moves slowly.
 A flowing water on the ground, How much energy does a moving object
 A falling coconut from its tree, possess?
 A rolling rock on the seashore
We say that the kinetic energy of an
 A soaring airplane into the air. object moving at a certain speed is
equal to the work done to make it
acquire that speed.
The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or
kinetic energy (KE).

The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which
means moving.

Kinetic energy measures the amount of work the object can do

because of its motion.

This can be computed using the formula:

KE = ½ mv²
where: KE is the kinetic energy in joule (J),
m is the object's mass in kilogram (kg),
v is the object's speed in meter per
second (m/s).
TAKE NOTE:

 the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and speed.

 What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the
speed remains the same?
The KE of an object is also doubled.

 How about if the speed is doubled but the mass remains the same?
The KE of an object increases four times.

This means that the greater the mass, the greater the kinetic
energy; and the faster the speed the higher the kinetic energy as
well.
 if its mass is doubled but the speed remains the
same The KE of an object is also doubled.

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 Page 10

 if the speed is doubled but the mass remains the same

The KE of an object increases four times.
KE=½mv².
 if its mass is doubled but the height remains the
same The PE of an object is also doubled.
 if its height is doubled but the massremains the
same The PE of an object is also doubled.
PE = mgh.
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