DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
AN AUTONOMOUS FIRE
FIGHTING ROBOT WITH
OBSTACLE DETECTION AND FIRE
DETECTION USING ARDUINO
ABSTRACT
• Fire-fighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A fire-fighter must be able to reach the
situation quickly and safely extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and reduce fatalities.
• Technology has come to rescue this issue, firefighters and machines are now having more efficient
and effective method of firefighting.
• This paper gives you the design idea of firefighting robot using autonomous operation.
• The robotic vehicle is loaded with fire extinguisher and a water pump which is controlled over
solenoid valve to throw water.
• An Arduino UNO is a microcontroller is used for the desired operation.
• A water tank and fire extinguisher setup along with water pump is mounted on the robot body and its
operation is carried out from the microcontroller output through appropriate signal from the sensor.
The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller
INTRODUCTION
• Most of the fire accidents occurring in industries like nuclear power plants, petroleum refineries, gas tanks,
chemical factories and other large-scale fire industries resulting in quite serious consequences.
• With the advancement in the field of Robotics, human intervention is becoming less every day and robots are
used widely for purpose of safety.
• This project integrates auto technology for autonomous operation and uses Arduino microcontroller.
• Therefore, Arduino based fire fighting Robot is designed to control fire through a robotic vehicle.
• The put forward vehicle has a water jet spray which is capable of sprinkling water. The sprinkler can be moved
in all four directions.
• The arrival of new high-speed technology provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization
of new methods of control theory.
• The main controlling devices of the whole system are Microcontrollers, wireless transceiver modules, water jet
spray, DC motors and buzzer are interfaced to Microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:
The ultra-sonic sensors used mainly focus on the obstacle detection and the IR are
connected in voltage divider configuration with the analog input pins of the controller.
When light from the flames falls on IR sensor the resistance of the sensor changes. This
change in resistance of the IR receiver results the analog voltage to vary between ground
to VCC. The voltage is read from the analog input pin of the controller and converted to a
digitized reading using inbuilt ADC channel. The Arduino UNO microcontroller has 10-bit
ADC channels, so the digitized reading ranges from 0 to 1023[1],[2]. The sensors are
calibrated to detected fire from a distance of 1 Meter. The output obtained corresponding to
the calibration point is set as the threshold in the program code. The same computation is
done for all the three sensors.
Block Diagram for proposed method
WORKING
• The microcontroller recognizes the digital output at the input pins of the motor driver IC to control the motion of the
robot.
• For the Robot movement, 12V geared DC motors are attached to the wheels.
• This geared DC motors are available with wide range of RPM and Torque, which allow a robot to move based on the
control signal it receives from the motor driver IC.
• The robot motion is mainly controlled by the rear wheels. Since it is automatically, it turns left and moves forward to
reach an appropriate spot if fire is sensed by the left sensor. It change towards right and moves forward to reach an
appropriate spot if fire is sensed by the right sensor.
• The Robot moves forward or backward until it reaches an appropriate spot if fire is detected by the front sensor.
ULN2803 is a High voltage, high current Transistor Array IC used here with Microcontrollers where high power
loads need to be derived.
• It IC consists of a eight NPN Darlington connected transistors with common Clamp diodes for switching the loads
connected to the output.
• This IC is commonly used to drive high loads such Lamps, relays, motors etc. It
is usually rated at 50v/500mA
• The threshold value of the sensor is calibrated to 400. As the robot advances
towards fire, the sensor value also increases.
• The robot halt at a spot and initiate responsive action as the sensor reading reaches
a value of 900.
• The robot proceeds first in a direction where the intensity of fire is most and after
extinguishing fire, it turns in the opposite direction. For example it had turned left,
after extinguishing fire, it will turn right and vice versa.
Flowchart for proposed method.
Applications
• It is used in hazardous places.
• Useful in controlling fire at extreme places
where human being cannot reach
Conclusion
• The Fire Fighting Robot is constructed with locally available materials and obstacle
detection test and fire sensing working are checked to observe its effectiveness at
different situation.
• The Fire Fighting Robot is effective enough to fight against fire on a small area. Fire
sensors works better at darker places. It can detect fire abruptly and can extinguish it
before spreading.
• This design of robot can also fight against large fire with larger reserving capacity
and an improved sensing unit can provide even an earlier detection of fire at all
circumstances.
• Further the module an be extended to work as speech control Robert.
REFERENCES
1. T. L. Chien, H. Guo, K. L. Su, and S. V. Shiau, Develop a multiple
interface based fire fighting robot, In 2007 IEEE International
Conference on Mechatronics, IEEE, 2007, 1-6.
2. H.I.Darwish, Developing a fire fighting
rhttp://www.hobbyengineering.com/rmapIndex.html
3. www.wikipedia.com, Firefighter robot, its benefits And its recent
developments.
4. “MECHATRONICS” ALPHA I (FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT)’ – IJESAT 2012.
5. http://www.robotics.com/robomenu/index.html
6.http://www.arrickrobotics.com/robomenu/index. Html
7. I. Doshay, "Robotic fire protection system," U.S. Patent No.
6,364,026,April 2002
