MEASURES OF
ANASTAT LESSON3 CENTRAL
AMDELOSREYES
TENDENCY/
DISPERSION
Measures Of Central Tendency
MEASURES OF provides a figure that describes the
CENTRAL whole data. It makes it easy for the
TENDENCY researcher and the reader to comprehend
the data.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEAN
Commonly known as the average. The mean is used mostly as a
general indicator for data, and works best when there are not a lot of
outliers because it is highly affected by extreme values. A data set
has only one mean. It can be applied for interval and ratio data and
it is useful to compare two or more data set. The mean cannot be
computed for the data in a frequency distribution with an open
ended class.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEDIAN
The Median determines the midpoint of a distribution. A set
of data has only one median and it is not affected by extreme
values. Median can be applied for ordinal, interval, and ratio
data. Median can be computed for an open ended frequency
distribution
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MODE
The Mode determines the observed value/s in a distribution with the
most number of occurrence. Like the median and unlike the mean, the
mode is not affected by extreme values. A set of data may not contain a
mode if no observed value appears most frequently. A set of data can
also contain more than one mode, unlike the mean and median where
there is only one
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
A measure of dispersion indicates the scattering of data. It explains the disparity
of data from one another, delivering a precise view of their distribution. The
measure of dispersion displays and gives us an idea about the variation and the
central value of an individual item. In other words, dispersion is the extent to
which values in a distribution differ from the average of the distribution. It gives
us an idea about the extent to which individual items vary from one another, and
from the central value. in statistics, the measures of dispersion help to interpret the
variability of data i.e. to know how much homogenous or heterogeneous the data
is. In simple terms, it shows how squeezed or scattered the variable is.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
• There are many reasons why the measure of the DISPERSION of data values is
important, but one of the main reasons regards its relationship with measures of
central tendency. A measure of DISPERSION gives us an idea of how well the
mean, for example, represents the data. If the spread of values in the data set is
large, the mean is not as representative of the data as if the spread of data is
small. This is because a large spread indicates that there are probably large
differences between individual scores. Additionally, in research, it is often seen
as positive if there is little variation in each data group as it indicates that the
similar.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Range
In statistics, range is defined simply as the difference between the maximum and
minimum observations. It is intuitively obvious why we define range in statistics
this way - range should suggest how diversely spread out the values are, and by
computing the difference between the maximum and minimum values, we can get
an estimate of the spread of the data.
Range is quite a useful indication of how spread out the data is, but it has some
serious limitations. This is because sometimes data can have outliers that are
widely off the other data points. In these cases, the range might not give a true
indication of the spread of data.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Mean absolute deviation (average deviation)
The mean absolute deviation of a dataset is the average
distance between each data point and the mean. It gives us an
idea about the variability in a dataset.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
STANDARD DEVIATION
In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount
of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard
deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the
mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that
the values are spread out over a wider range.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
VARIANCE
Variance is a measure of how data points differ from the mean. According to
Layman, a variance is a measure of how far a set of data (numbers) are spread out
from their mean (average) value. Variance means to find the expected difference of
deviation from actual value. Therefore, variance depends on the standard
deviation of the given data set. The more the value of variance, the data is more
scattered from its mean and if the value of variance is low or minimum, then it is
less scattered from mean. Therefore, it is called a measure of spread of data from
mean.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
STATISTICAL VARIANCE GIVES A MEASURE OF
HOW THE DATA DISTRIBUTES ITSELF ABOUT
THE MEAN OR EXPECTED VALUE. UNLIKE
RANGE THAT ONLY LOOKS AT THE EXTREMES,
THE VARIANCE LOOKS AT ALL THE DATA POINTS
AND THEN DETERMINES THEIR DISTRIBUTION.
