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Introduction To Organisational Behaviour Managers: Individuals Who Achieve Goals Through Other People. Organisation: A Consciously Coordinated Social Unit, Composed

This document provides an introduction to organisational behaviour. It defines key terms like managers, organisations, and organisational behaviour. It outlines the nature, scope, need for studying, and contributing disciplines to the field of organisational behaviour. It also discusses some models in OB like dependent and independent variables. Finally, it covers topics like personality, perception, and decision making as they relate to individual and group behaviour in organisations.

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Subhash Soni
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200 views22 pages

Introduction To Organisational Behaviour Managers: Individuals Who Achieve Goals Through Other People. Organisation: A Consciously Coordinated Social Unit, Composed

This document provides an introduction to organisational behaviour. It defines key terms like managers, organisations, and organisational behaviour. It outlines the nature, scope, need for studying, and contributing disciplines to the field of organisational behaviour. It also discusses some models in OB like dependent and independent variables. Finally, it covers topics like personality, perception, and decision making as they relate to individual and group behaviour in organisations.

Uploaded by

Subhash Soni
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Managers: Individuals who achieve goals through other people.

Organisation: A consciously coordinated social unit, composed


of two or more people, that function on a relatively continuous
basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

Organisational Behavior: A field of study that investigates the


impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior
within organisations, for the purpose of applying such
knowledge toward improving and organisation’s effectiveness.
Nature
• A Separate Field of Study and not a Discipline only
• An Interdisciplinary Approach
• An Applied Science
• A Normative Science
• A Humanistic and optimistic approach
• A Total System Approach
Scope
• Individuals
• Groups of Individuals
• Organisation/Structure
Need for studying OB

• Understanding ourselves and others in better way.


Improving inter-personal relations and cordial
relations between employee and management.
• It helps managers to know employee better and
motivate them
• Tackles human problems humanly.
• To predict human behaviour and then apply it in
some useful way
• Effective utilization of people
Contributing Disciplines to OB Field
Psychology : The science that seeks to measure,
explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of
humans and other animals.
Sociology : The study of people in relation to their
social environment or culture.
Social Psychology : An area within psychology that
blends concepts from psychology and sociology
and that focuses on the influence of people on one
another.
Anthropology : The study of societies to learn about
human beings and their activities.
Political Science : The study of the behavior of individals and
groups within a political environment.

Challenges for OB

Workforce Diversity : The concept that organizations are


becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race,
ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse
group.

Quality Management (QM) : The constant attainment of


customer satisfaction through the continuous improvement
of all organizational processes.
OBModel

Dependent Variable: A response that is affected by an


independent variable.

Independent Variable: The presumed cause of some


change in the dependent variable.

Productivity: A performance measure that includes


effectiveness and efficiency.
• Absenteeism: The failure to report to work.

• Turnover: The voluntary and involuntary permanent


withdrawal from an organization.

• Organisaitonal Citizenship Behavior: Discretionary


behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job
requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the
effective functioning of the organization.

• Job Satisfaction: An individual’s general attitude


toward his or her job.
PERSONALITY

PERSONALITY: The sum total of ways in which an


individual reacts and interacts with others.

PERSONALITY DETERMINANTS :
1. Heredity 2. Environment 3. Situation

PERSONALITY TRAITS: Enduring characteristics


that describe an individual’s behavior
Search for Primary Traits:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): Asks 100 questions
about how people usually feel or act in particular situation

Personality Types identified through MBTI


Extroverted or Introverted
Sensing or Intuitive
Thinking or Feeling
Perceiving or Judging

2. The Big Five Model: Talks about 5 major factors of


Personality….
Extroversion: A personality dimension describing someone who
is sociable, gregarious (expressive), and assertive (confident)
Agreeableness: A personality dimension that describes someone
who is good-natured, cooperative and trusting
Conscientiousness (carefulness): A personality dimension that
describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent
and organised
Emotional Stability: A personality dimension that describes
someone who is calm, self-confident, secure versus nervous,
depressed and insecure.
Openness to Experience: A personality dimension that
characterizes someone in terms of imagination, creative
sensitivity and curiosity
Personality traits identified by The Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator:
• EXTROVERTED • INTROVERTED
are outgoing, sociable and are quite and shy.
assertive.
• INTUITIVE
• SENSING
rely on unconscious
practical and prefer
processes and look at
routine and order; and
the ‘big picture’
focus on details
• THINKING • FEELING
use reason and logic to rely on their personal
handle problems values and emotions
• JUDGING • PERCEIVING
want control, and are flexible and
prefer their world to be spontaneous
ordered and structured
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB
L ocus of I
 E
C o n tro l
 Machiavellianism

 Self Esteem
 Self Monitoring
 Risk Taking
 Type A Personality
 Proactive Personality
• Locus of Control : The degree to which people
believe they are masters of their own fate.
- Internals : Who believe that they control what
happens to them.
- Externals : Individuals who believe that what
happens to them is controlled by outside forces such
as luck or chance
• Machiavellianism : The degree to which an
individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance,
and believes that ends can justify means.
• Self –esteem : Individual’s degree of liking or
disliking themselves.
• Self-Monitoring : A personality trait that measures
an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to
external, situational factors.
•Risk Taking : High willingness to take risks.
• Type A : Aggressive involvement in a chronic,
incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and
less time and, if necessary, against the opposing efforts
of other things or other people.
•Proactive Personality : People who identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action, and
persevere until meaningful change occurs.
John Holland’s Personality-Job Fit Theory
Sr.No Type Occupation
.
1. Realistic
Involves Aggressive Forestry,
Behavior, Physical Activities Farming
Requiring Skills, Strength and
Coordination.
2. Investigative
Involves Activities Requiring Biology,
Thinking, Organizing and Mathematics,
Understanding rather than News Reporting
Feelings or Emotions.
Sr.No. Type Occupation
3. Social
Involves Interpersonal rather Foreign Service,
than Intellectual or Physical Social Work,
Activities. Clinical
Psychology
4. Conventional
Involves Rule-Regulated Accounting,
Activities and Sublimation of Finance,
Personal Needs to an Corporate
Organization or Person of Management
Power and Status.
Continue
Sr.No. Type Occupation

5. Enterprising

Involves Verbal Activities to Law, Public


Influence Others to Attain Relations, Small
Power and Status. Business
Management
6. Artistic

Involves Self-Expression, Art, Music,


Artistic Creation, or Writing
Emotional Activities.
The theory argues that satisfaction is highest
and turnover lowest where personality and
occupation are in agreement.
We don’t see things as they are, we see things as we
are. (A. Nin)
It explains that two people can see the same thing
and interpret it differently

PERCEPTION: A process by which individuals


organize and interpret their sensory impressions in
order to give meaning to their environment.

Factors Influencing Perception:


Factors In The Perceiver: 1. Attitudes 2. Motives 3.
Interests 4. Experience 5. Expectations
Factors In The Target: 1. Novelty 2. Motion 3.
Sounds 4. Size 5. Background 6. Proximity 7.
Similarity
Factors In The Situation: 1. Time 2. Work Setting
3. Social Setting

*The Link Between Perception And Individual


Decision Making:
Decision: The Choice made from among two or more
alternatives
Problem: A discrepancy between some current state of
affairs and some desired state.
The Link: Interpretation and evaluation of information,
Development of alternatives, evaluation of strengths
and weaknesses of each alternative and the selection
of best suitable alternative are dependent on decision
maker’s perception.

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