Duhok Polytechnic University
.Information Technology Management Dept
2nd Year Students
Object Oriented Programming
Lecture#8
Zeravan Arif
[email protected]
Duhok Polytechnic
University
Outline
What is Polymorphism.
Type of Polymorphism.
Static Polymorphism.
Dynamic Polymorphism.
Example.
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What is Polymorphism
Polymorphism is one of the principles of OOP. The “Poly”
means many, and the “Morph” means forms. Polymorphism
also refers to one name with many forms (one name with
multiple functionality).
With polymorphism class objects belonging to the same
hierarchical tree may have function with the same name,
but with different behaviours.
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Polymorphism Difinition
Shape
String:
ShapeName
GetArea()
Rectangle Triangle Circle
Int: length, width Double base, Int radius
height
GetArea() GetArea()
GetArea()
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Polymorphism Types
There are two types of the polymorphism:
Static Polymorphism, and
Dynamic Polymorphism
Static Polymorphism:
It is also called as Compile-Time polymorphism.
Method overloading is a technique for the static
polymorphism.
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Static Polymorphism
1. Method overloading:
Multiple definitions for the same method in the same
class.
These definitions must be different in number of
parameters or data types or sequence.
These definition might or might not be different in return
type.
» public int Add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
» public int Add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }
» public float Add(int a, float b) { return a + b; }
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Dynamic Polymorphism
Dynamic polymorphism (Run-Time)
In C# an override keyword with abstract or virtual is used
to create dynamic polymorphism.
The override (Re-defined) modifier is required to extend or
modify the abstract or virtual implementation of an inherited
method.
The virtual keyword is used to modify a method declaration
and allow for it to be overridden in a derived class.
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Example
A base class called (Person), which contains:
- Two fields (FirstName and LastName).
- Provide a necessary property for fields.
- A virtual method called (FullName) to return the full name of
person, and its overridden in the subclass.
A derived class (Engineer), it contains an override method.
A derived class called (Lawyer), it contains an override method.
Create the necessary objects for all classes.
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Example
class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public virtual string FullName()
{
return FirstName + " " + LastName;
}
}
class Engineer :Person
{
public override string FullName()
{
return “Eng." +FirstName;
}
}
class Lawyer :Person
{
public override string FullName()
{
return "Mr." + LastName;
}
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}
University
Example
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Engineer engineer = new Engineer();
engineer.FirstName = "Ali";
engineer.LastName = "Ahmed";
Console.WriteLine(engineer.FullName());
Lawyer lawyer = new Lawer();
lawyer.FirstName = "Ala";
lawyer.LastName = "Ameen";
Console.WriteLine(lawyer.FullName());
Person person = new Person();
person.FirstName = “Human";
person.LastName = “Being";
Console.WriteLine(person.FullName());
Console.Read();
}
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Example
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Person[] p = new Person[3];
p[0] = new Person();
p[0].FirstName = "Ali";
p[0].LastName = "Ahmed";
p[1] = new Engineer(); Create an array of objects for
p[1].FirstName = "Ala"; both base class as well as for
p[1].LastName = "Ameen"; derived classes.
p[2] = new Lawer();
p[2].FirstName = "Awaz";
p[2].LastName = "Muhammed";
foreach (Person pe in p)
{
Console.WriteLine(pe.FullName());
}
}
}
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