SEXUAL
SELF
Prepared by: Ms. Amor Santiago
Ms. Janet Broas
SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT OR SEXUAL
SELFHOOD
Sexual Selfhood is defined as how one
thinks about himself or herself as a
sexual individual.
• refers to the totality of oneself as a
sexual being, including positive and
negative concepts and feelings.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
1. HISTORICAL.
a. ANCIENT GREECE
MEN
PENIS – FERTILITY
WOMEN
GREEK WORD IS
“gyne” , bearer of
children.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
1. HISTORICAL.
b. The Middle Ages
(476-1450).
“strong influence of
the church to
sexuality.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
1. HISTORICAL.
c. In the Protestant
Reformation of the
16th century (1483-
1546)
Martin Luther, John Calvin and other Protestant
leaders.
-sexuality is a natural part of life
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
1. HISTORICAL.
d. By the 17th and
18th century, the
Puritans, rallied for
religious, moral and
societal reformation
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
1. HISTORICAL.
e. In the Victorian
Era, (1837-1901)
Homosexuality and
prostitution were rampant
and considered to be
threats to social order.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
2. DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
AND THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Primary sex characteristics – seen after
birth because of the sex organs
Secondary sex characteristics – refer to
visible changes that are seen in puberty
Hermaphrodite – have both male and
female sex organs which are raised
normally but are advised to undergo
operation and choose the sex they want
Understanding the Human Sexual Response
As sexual beings, human have desires for sexual
pleasure and satisfaction
The body reacts when something is perceived to be
sexually pleasurable
Desiring for somebody is NORMAL
LIBIDO – sex drive or the desire for sexual activity
DESIRE – the coming together of visual, biochemical and
emotional and biomechanical that trigger a hormonal
cascade that may culminate in the successful fertilization
of an egg by a sperm
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
3. SOCIOBIOLOGICAL/EVOLUTIONARY.
According to the sociobiological theory,
natural selection is a process by which
organisms that are best suited to their
environment are most likely to survive.
On the basis of human sexual behavior, it
begins with physical attraction.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL.
Psychosexual stages by
Sigmund Freud
Structures of personality
1. Oral
1. ID – pleasure principle
2. 2. anal
2. EGO – reality principle
3. Phallic
3. SUPER-EGO –
4. Latency
a. ego ideal
5. Genital
b. conscience
*Erogenous zones
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
5. RELIGIOUS
JUDAISM Holds a positive and natural
outlook towards marital sex.
In ISLAM Family is considered with utmost
importance and celibacy within
marriage is prohibited.
TAOISM Sex is a sacred union necessary to
people’s physical, mental and spiritual
being.
HINDUISM Sexuality is seen as spiritual force.
Phases of the sexual response cycle
1. Excitement Phase – 2. Plateau Phase –
Sexual stimuli lead to Excitement becomes
changes in the body of enhanced and the body
women and men. The is prepared for orgasm.
phase includes Heart rate quickens,
increased heart rate, blood pressure rises,
blood pressure, and muscle increases, and
muscle tension. breathing becomes
faster.
Phases of the sexual response cycle
3. Orgasm Phase – Also known as
the “climax or peak” of the sexual 4. Resolution Phase – the last
excitement. Heart rate increases stage of sexual arousal. This
dramatically, blood pressure rises,
breathing becomes rapid and leads to the return of the
shallow, muscles throughout the unaroused state. Heart rate, blood
body contract, and perspiration is
evident. There is an intense, pressure, and breathing return to
pleasant, or pleasurable a normal state, and muscle
psychological feeling associated with tension decreases.
with the release of sexual tension
afforded by orgasm in this stage.
1. Repression
2. Supression Ways of
3. Sublimation
dealing
with sexual
4. Genital Satisfaction energies
5. Integration
1. Repression
Ways of
Means denying one’s
sexual energies and dealing
pushing it to the with sexual
unconscious
Unhealthy because one energies
is unable to express
one’s natural sexuality
2. Suppression
Ways of
One is aware of his/her
sexual energies but dealing
controls it for many with sexual
reasons
It can be healthy or energies
unhealthy depending on
one’s reasons
3. Sublimation
Refers to redirecting one’s sexual
energies to something else
Ways of
Examples: through sports, dealing
apostolate, leadership
Pseudosublimation is unhealthy with sexual
because sexual desires can be energies
satisfied through drinking
alcohol,smoking, overeating and
use of drugs
4. Genital Satisfaction
Ways of
It is giving into one’s dealing
sexual desires through with sexual
sexual gratification like energies
sexual intercourse
5. Integration
Ways of
Ability to integrate one’s dealing
sexual energies into with sexual
friendship, marriage, energies
vocation and in all levels
of relationships
CHEMISTRY OF LOVE
1. Lust – a strong sexual desire
- it is driven by initial physical
attraction and flirting
2. Falling in love/attraction – where
romantic or passionate love is
characterized by euphoria when
things are going well, but there are
terrible mood swings when they are
not
Monoamines – brain chemicals
• Dopamine – commonly associated with the pleasure
system of the brain, providing feelings of enjoyment and
reinforcement to motivate someone to do certain activities
• Phenylethylamine – a natural amphetamine, like the well-
known drug and can cause the same stimulation effects
- contributes to that on-top-of-the-world feeling that
attraction can bring and gives someone the energy to stay
up day and night with a new love
Monomines – brain chemicals
• Serotonin – controls impulses, unruly passions, and
obsessive behavior, aiding the sense of “ being control”
• Norepinephrine– another neurotransmitter that induces
euphoria in the brain, exciting the body by giving it a
booster dose of natural adrenaline.
CHEMISTRY OF LOVE
3. Attachment – staying together
- there is a sense of calm and stability that one
feels with a long-term partner, a sort of bond that
keeps a couple together
a) Oxytocin – the cuddle chemical, hormone that
is best known for its role in inducing labor by
stimulating contraction
b) Vasopressin – the monogamy hormone
c) Endorphins – enhance the immune system,
block the lesions of blood vessels, have anti-
aging, anti stress and pain relieving effect
The psychology of Love shows that there are psychological theories that would explain
why people fall in love.
1. Behavioral Reinforcement Theory.
When someone received a reward such as free ride or other favor from
another, a positive feeling may be experienced.
2. Physiological Arousal Theory. The bodies experience a physiological
change first, then people assign an emotion to that physical sensation.
3. Evolutionary Theories. This explains that love arose due to some
sociobiological need.
MALE- young, healthy female to carry their offspring
FEMALE – males who have the resources to support them
Factors that determines whom people fall in love (Rosenthal, 2013)
• Physical attractiveness
• Reciprocity
• Proximity
• Similarities
Diversity of Sexual Behavior
Sociosexual Behavior – sexual
behavior involving more than one
person.
Solitary – self masturbation is a sexual self
stimulation with the intention of causing sexual
arousal that leads to orgasm
Diversity of Sexual Behavior
1. Heterosexual – romantic attraction, sexual attraction or
sexual behavior between persons of the opposite sex or
gender, referred to straight
2. Homosexual – romantic and sexual attraction or sexual
behavior between persons of the same sex or gender
a. lesbian
b. gay
3. Bisexual – refers to a person who is attracted to both
sexes
Diversity of Sexual Behavior
5. Transsexual – a person whose gender identify is
opposite the sex the person had or was identified as
having birth
6. Transgender according to DSM V (2013), refers to the
broad spectrum of individuals who transiently or
persistently identify with a gender different from their
natal gender.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases STD’s
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection
– Many experience no symptoms
• Gonorrhea can cause:
– Infertility
– Joint problems
– Heart problems
– Cervical cancer
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Genital warts are caused by human
papilloma virus and can lead to cervical
cancer
• Genital herpes is called by a herpes virus
and no cure exists
• Syphilis is a bacterial infection that
progresses through three stage
HIV
• Attacks the immune system
• Disease progresses to AIDS
• There is no cure for this disease, individuals
die when the immune system fails
• Prevention includes:
– Avoiding exchange of body fluids
– Using condoms
– Being discriminating in sexual relationships
Most commonly
used techniques of
family planning
1. Natural Family Planning
A. Calendar method -In this method sexual intercourse is
avoided during wife’s fertile period which may be
determined by the use of calendar,the thermometer or the
cervical mucus
• These methods cannot be used by women whose
menstrual cycle is irregular
B.Coitus interruptus or withdrawal – it needs precise
timing and self-control on that part of the male
C. Abstinence – refraining from sexual intercourse
2.Condom
• A thin sheath or cover made
of rubber used by the male
over the penis during sexual
intercourse
• This keeps the sperm from
entering the woman’s
vagina
3. IUD
• The intra-uterine device is small
object made of plastic or metal
inserted into the uterus through the
cervical canal
• This may cause bleeding for some
users. In which case the doctor
must be consulted
4. The pill or oral contraceptive
• The pill is a combination of
synthetic hormones to be
taken regularly for twenty
or twenty-one consecutive
days each month beginning
the fifth day after the
menstrual cycle
• This prevents the ovary
from releasing the egg
5. Depo-Provera ("The Shot")
• It is an injection given every 3
months.
• It contains synthetic progesterone.
• It stops ovulation, and/or thickens
the cervical mucus to prevent sperm
from passing through.
• It is a reversible method of birth
control given only by prescription.
6. Surgical methods or
sterilization
• Vasectomy for male
wherein the vas
deferens is cut or tied
to prevent release of
sperm cells
5. Surgical methods or sterilization
• Tubal ligation for female
wherein the fallopian tube is
cut or tied to block the
passage of the ovum and
prevent it from meeting the
sperm
