CONTENTS
Introduction to Capsule Camera
Conventional Method
Description
Components of Capsule Camera
Inside a Capsule Capsule Camera
Endoscope Procedure
Uses
Advantage
s
Drawbacks & Overcomes
Conclusion
Introduction to Capsule
Camera
. Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel
through your body taking pictures, helping diagnose a
problem which doctor previously would have found only
through surgery.
.
Conventional Method
Endoscopic examination is replaced by PILL CAMERA.
Description
The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System,
comes in capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter
and batteries.
The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.
Components Of Capsule
camera
LIGHTING LENS CMOS
DEVICE IMAGE SENSOR
TRANSMITTING
ELECTRODE
INSIDE OF A PILL CAM
ANTENNA
5 7
ASIC
TRANSMITTE
R
LENS
ILLUMINATING LED’S BATTER
CMOS IMAGE SENSOR Y
1.Optical
Dome
This shape results in easy orientation of the capsule axis along the
central axis of small intestine and so helps propel the capsule forward
easily.
The Optical Dome contains the Light Receiving Window .
2.Lens Holder
The Lens Holder is that part of the capsule which accommodates the
lens. The lens is tightly fixed to the holder so that it doesn’t get
dislocated anytime.
3.Lens
The Lens is an integral component of the capsule.
It is arranged behind the Light Receiving Window.
4.Illuminating LED’s
Around the Lens & CMOS Image Sensor, four LED’s (Light Emitting
Diodes) are present. These plural lighting devices are arranged in donut
shape.
5.CMOS Image Sensor
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Image
Sensor is the most important part of the capsule. It is highly
sensitive and produces very high quality images.
It has 140º field of view and can detect objects as small as
possible.
6.Battery
Battery used in the capsule is button shaped and are two in
number as shown. The batteries are arranged together just
behind the CMOS Image Sensor.
Silver Oxide primary batteries are used (Zinc/Alkaline
Electrolyte/Silver Oxide). Such a battery has a even discharge
voltage, disposable and doesn’t cause harm to the body.
7.ASIC
Transmitter
The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Transmitter is
arranged behind the Batteries as shown. Two Transmitting Electrodes
are connected to the outlines of the ASIC Transmitter.
These electrodes are electrically isolated from each other.
8.Antennae
As shown, the Antennae is arranged at the end of the capsule. It is
enclosed in a dome shaped chamber.
Endoscopy
Procedure
Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill.
It takes images as it is propelled forward by peristalsis.
A wireless recorder, worn on a belt, receives the images
transmitted by the pill.
A computer workstation processes the data and produces a
continuous still images.
Movement Of Capsule Through
The Digestive System
DATA
RECORDE
R COMPUTER
Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data On
Computer
Produces two images per second,
approximately 2,600 high
Images obtained
by capsule camera
USES
Crohn's Disease.
Malabsorption Disorders.
Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
Ulcerative Colitis
Advantages
Painless, no side affects or complications.
Miniature size, so can move easily through the digestive system.
Accurate, precise and effective.
Images taken are of very high quality which are sent almost
instantaneously to the data recorder for storage.
Made of bio-compatible material, doesn’t cause any harm to the
body.
Drawbacks &
Overcomes
.
1.Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not
good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of
obstruction.
The first drawback is overcome using another product manufactured
with the help of nanotechnology which is the rice- grain sized
motor.
2. The Pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in
the small intestine.
3. Impossible to control Camera behavior.
These two drawbacks can be overcome using a
bi-directional telemetry Camera.
Wireless Endoscopy
CONCLUSION
The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneering
concept for Medical Technology of the 21 st century.
The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able
to provide non- invasive imaging of the entire small
intestine.
It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging
to a great extent and has proved to be of great help to
physicians all over the world.
