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Conjunctions: Kelompok 7: Adinda Putri F, Arsi Oktrapihadi, Elga Nurdiansyah, Endah Sawitri

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. There are four main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and adverbial conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of equal importance, such as words, phrases, and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and show relationships between clauses. Correlative conjunctions come in pairs and cannot be separated. Adverbial conjunctions connect sentences and make them into compound sentences. Conjunctions are useful for creating lists, combining sentences, and showing different relationships between ideas.

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143 views

Conjunctions: Kelompok 7: Adinda Putri F, Arsi Oktrapihadi, Elga Nurdiansyah, Endah Sawitri

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. There are four main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and adverbial conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of equal importance, such as words, phrases, and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and show relationships between clauses. Correlative conjunctions come in pairs and cannot be separated. Adverbial conjunctions connect sentences and make them into compound sentences. Conjunctions are useful for creating lists, combining sentences, and showing different relationships between ideas.

Uploaded by

Adinda Putri febriana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conjunctions

Kelompok 7 :
Adinda Putri F, Arsi Oktrapihadi,
Elga Nurdiansyah, Endah Sawitri
Hello!
How are you today?
What is Conjunction?
Tradionally, the conjunction is one of eight parts of
speech in English. Conjunction is a word that used to
connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. By
using conjunctions, we can make complex sentences,
connect short sentences and make writing feel more
comfortable to read.
rules for using conjunctions
Conjunctions are used to connect ideas, actions, and nouns, clauses, and other
word classes.
example : Bobby and June went to the library and borrowed campbell biology
book and Harry Potter novel.

Conjunctions are useful for creating lists.


example : Tony buys green beans, coconut milk, brown sugar and pandan leaves.

Combining short sentences that are not effective.


example : This food is stale. You can't eat it.
These short sentences can be connected to This food is stale, so you can't eat it.
Types of Conjunctions

Coordinating Subordinatin Correlative Adverbial


Conjunction g Conjunctio Conjunctio
Conjunction n n
Coordinating
Conjunction
These are used to link words, phrases and clauses. They are conjunctions which
are used to join together clauses of equal rank. In other words, they generally
connect sentence elements of the same grammatical class such as nouns with
nouns, adverbs with adverbs, phrases with phrases and clauses with clauses.
Coordinating conjunction is often also referred to as "Fan Boys" conjunction.
According to Murthy (215), coordinating conjunctions are divided into three kinds. They are:

1. Cumulative Conjunctions

They are used to join statements, or add one statement to another. They include: and, so, both .... and, as
well as, not only .... but also, no less than, etc. Sentential examples:

- She likes dogs and cats.


- He doesn't have a motorbike, so he goes on foot.
- They both went to the park and bought ice cream.
- As well as painting many objects, nina sells them.
- Lia not only buy coconut milk, but also buy coconut.
- He, no less than his father, always trying to steal something in market.
2. Adversative Conjunctions

An adversative conjunction expresses opposition or contrast between two statements.


Examples are: but, still, yet, only, whereas, while, etc. Sentential examples:

- She is pretty but arrogant.


- You are smart still you have to study.
- He is a good boy only he has bad habits.
- It's hot yet raining.
3. Disjunctive or Alternative Conjunctions

Disjunctive or Alternative Conjunctions is conjunction which presents two alternatives,


sometimes indicating a choice between them. They include : or, nor, either … or, neither…
nor, else, whether…or, otherwise, etc. Sentential examples:

- You have to study now or you will regret it later.


- She doesn’t like rock music nor punk
- You must either return my book or give the beatles's album to me.
- She didn't sleep, neither finished her task.
Subordinating
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are commonly used to connect
subordinate clauses to the main clause in a complex sentence.
This conjunction serves to connect two or more sentences that
are not equivalent. Subordinating conjunctions can show
cause-and-effect relationships, opposites, and relationships
between other clauses.
Some words that are included in the subordinating conjunction are : after, because, if, that,
though, although, till, before, unless, as, when, where, while, than, whether, in order that,
nevertheless, etc. Sentential examples:

- She does the task after the deadline.


- Tony got punished because he came late.
- He thinks that he is handsome.
- Though you are already rich, you shouldn't waste your money.
Based to Baskervill and Sewell (3), subordinating conjunctions are divided into eight classes. They
are :

1. time

It is a subordinate that expresses by time or in the time between clauses. They include: before,
after, until, since, when, while, etc. Example of sentences:

- He came right before the concert was over.


- I sleep after doing my homework.
- My face has become dull since I played at the beach last week.
- I won't play until the exam is over.
- He was very happy when i gave him radiohead album.
- Tiara keeps talking to me while i do my task.
2. Cause or Reason

According to its name, these surbodinators can express causal relations in the
simplest form. Examples include: because, since, as, and for. Sentential examples :

- She didn't buy the book because she had no money.


- Since it's raining, bring an umbrella.
- As you always with me, i feel safe.
3. Result or Consequence

This subordinator is almost the same as the previous one but the main subordinator here is 'so and
that'. Sentential examples:

- He walks so fast that I can't chase him.


- I was so excited that I kicked the glass.

4. Purpose

Purpose is almost the same as cause or reason, they include: that, so that, in order that, lest, etc.
Example sentences :

- We play that we can happy.


- Tiara saves her money in order that she can buy a new cellphone.
5. Condition

The main subordinators are if and unless. The if-clause could either be a positive or a negative
condition while the unless-clause is a negative one. For example:

- If you work hard, you will be successful.


- If you don't work hard, you will not be successful.
- Unless you're sick, you can't stop studying.

6. Circumstance

An example of this is a special circumstantial compound conjunction : seeing that.. For example :

- Seeing that you eat that much, you must have fully recovered.
7. Concession

Words that include to this subordinate is : though, although, even if, occasionally if, however,
whereas, etc. Example sentences :

- No good clothes, though it's an expensive clothes shop.


- However hard you try to apologize, I won't forgive you.
- Even if you dislike movies, you will enjoy this movie.

8. Comparison

These subordinators can express comparison between dependent and independent clauses. They
include : than, as-as, as, etc. Sentential examples :

- I like him more than you.


- She sings as beatifully as ariana grande
Correlative
Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions have the same function as Coordinate Conjunctions except that these
conjunctions are in pairs and cannot be separated. Examples of correlative conjunctions include:
either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as many…as, whether…or, not only…but also, such…that, so…
that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, not…but, etc. Sentential examples:

- I want either coffee or tea.


- I want neither coffee nor tea.
- I have both coffee and tea.
- There are as many coffees as there are teas.
- I am not sure whether i want coffee or tea.
- She isnot only pretty, but also kind.
Adverbial Conjunctions

Adverbial conjunctions (conjunctive adverbs) are adverbs as well as conjunctions that connect two
sentences and make them into compound sentences or two specific clauses. They include : in order that,
in that, except that, on condition that, so that, such that, etc. Example sentences :

- I study hard so that I can reach my dream.


- He is looking for money in order that he can support his two younger siblings.
- Father will give you a new laptop on the condition that you study hard.
- The teachers as well as students do learning outside the classroom.
Function of Conjunctions
1. Cumulative
example : I love music and movies.

2. Alternative
example : you can read Ekonomi book or English book.

3. Adversative (Contradiction)
example : You are so cute, but your sister is so fierce.

4. Conclusion
example : The rain has stopped, so you can go home now.
5. Apposition
example : They play together until the sun goes down.

6. Cause and Effect


example : He can't go home because it's raining outside.

7. Impact
example : Karina is sick, so she can't go anywhere.

8. Purpose
example : You have to take medicine in order that you get well soon.

9. Condition
example : You can sleep earlier if you do your homework soon.
10. Concession
example : He still goes even though it's raining outside.

11. Comparison
example : Your phone is better than mine.

12. Time
example : He came when I was going abroad.
Thank You!
Sources and references :

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abraham-
Unubi/publication/332672053_Conjunctions_in_English_Meaning_Types_and_Uses/links/5cc2e46a92
851c8d22058ec4/Conjunctions-in-English-Meaning-Types-and-Uses.pdf

• https://englishplusplus.id/conjunction/

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