Plane Figures
GROUP 1
OVERVIEW
-In this presentation, the students will be able to learn the following:
• Definition of Plane Figures f.b.Octagon
Quadrilateral
• Types of Plane Figures g.c.Nonagon
Pentagon
a. Open Plane Figures h.d.Decagon
Hexagon
b. Closed Plane Figures •e. Heptagon
Non-Polygon
• Polygons a. Circle
a. Triangle • Finding Area and
Perimeter of a Plane
Figure
What is a Plane?
● A plane is a flat surface that extends
infinitely in all directions. In naming a
plane, it can be done by using a capital
letter or by the letters naming three non-
collinear points within the plane.
Plane M or Plane ABC
Plane Figures
● A plane figure is a geometric figure that
has no thickness and lies entirely in one
plane. It can be composed of line
segments, curves, or a combination of
both.
PLANE FIGURES
OPEN CLOSED
These are figures/shapes
These are figures/shapes
that starts and ends at the
whose line segments or
same point. A closed plane
curves are not connected or
figure has an inside as well
did not meet. Simply, it does
as an outside and all of the
not start and end at the
lines are fit end-to-end
same point and has an
forming a shape with no
openings
openings
Polygons
A polygon is a closed plane figure formed only using line
segments that are connected to each other from end to
end. Its line segments is what we called the edges or
simply the sides. In addition to that, a polygon has at least
three or more sides and they are commonly classified
according to the number of sides .
Polygons
TRIANGLE QUADRILATERAL PENTAGON HEXAGON
HEPTAGON OCTAGON NONAGON DECAGON
TRIANGLE
-is a polygon consisting of 3 sides and 3 angles.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES BY SIDES:
SCALENE TRIANGLE
All the sides of the triangle are not equal and are of
different lengths.
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
Have an “equal line” where all sides of the triangle are of
equal length.
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
A triangle that has two sides that are of the same length.
TRIANGLE
CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES BY ANGLES:
ACUTE TRIANGLE
Is a triangle with three acute angles in which all internal
angles are measured less than 90 degrees.
RIGHT TRIANGLE
Have one “right angle” also known as “square corner”,
measuring 90 degrees
OBTUSE TRIANGLE
Is a triangle in which one internal angle is measured greater
than 90 degrees
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Triangle
To solve for Area: To solve for Perimeter:
A=½ base x height a + b + c = perimeter
Example:
A= ½ 13m x 5m P= A+b+c
A= ½ 65 P= 5cm + 7cm + 3cm
A= 32.5 m2 P= 15 cm
QUADRILATERAL
is a polygon that has exactly four sides. (This also means that a
quadrilateral has exactly four vertices, and exactly four angles.)
There are a lot of types of quadrilaterals; Parallelogram, Rectangle,
Rhombus , Square, Trapezoid, and Kite.
SQUARE
The most basic quadrilateral shape, with 4 sides, each one of the same
length. All of the sides meet up to create perfect 90-degree angles. It is
the most uniform of all of the shapes.
PROPERTIES:
Has 4 congruent sides, 4 right angles; 90 degrees.
All sides have equal length
All angles have measure 90 degrees
Opposite sides are parallel
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Square
To solve for Area To solve for perimeter
P= 4s
A= s2
where:
s is = length of side.
Example:
Area: Perimeter:
A= s2 P= 4s
A= 52 P= 4 (5)
A= 25 cm2 P= 20 cm
RECTANGLE
Basically a long square. Two of its sides are shorter but the same
length, the other two sides are longer but equal in length to each other.
It makes for a long straight and is a very well- known shape along with
its shorter counterpart, the square. All of its points meet up to create
90- degrees angles, just like the square does.
PROPERTIES:
All angles have measure 90 degrees
Opposite sides are parallel
Opposite sides are equal in length
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle
To solve for Area To solve for perimeter
A= lw or l x w P= 2 (l+w)
Where: l= length; w= width
Example:
Area: Perimeter:
A= lw P= 2 (l+w)
A= 8 (3) P= 2 (8+3)
A= 24 cm2 P= 2 (11)
P= 22 cm
PARALLELOGRAM
It is a slanted rectangle. Just like the rectangle, the sides parallel to each
other are of the same length (but two of them will be much longer than
others). The opposite angles created by the meeting of the sides are also
matching, but the parallelogram comes off at a slant, creating two
different angles varying degrees.
Properties of a Parallelogram:
Opposite sides equal in length.
Opposite sides are parallel
Opposite sides are equal in measure
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Parallelogram
To solve for Area To solve for Perimeter:
A=bh or b x h P= 2 (a+b)
Where; b= base; h= height
Example:
Perimeter:
Area:
P= 2 (a+b)
A= bh
P= 2 (9+7)
A= 9 (7)
P= 2 (16)
A= 63 cm2
P= 32 cm
RHOMBUS
The rhombus looks like a slanted square, where all of the sides are
the same length, but none of them meet to create 90 degree angles.
Properties of rhombus:
All 4 sides are equal
Opposite sides are parallel
Opposite angles are equal
Diagonals are perpendicular and bisect each other
Adjacent angles add up to 180-degrees
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Rhombus
To solve for Area Finding the value of sides To solve for perimeter
A=1/2 D1 x D2 C2=a2+b2 P=S1+S2+S3+S4
Example:
Area: Perimeter:
2=a2+b2
c
A=1/2 D1 x D2 P=S1+S2+S3+S4
c2=62 + 82
A=1/2 (12)(16) c2=36 + 64 P= 4 (10)
A=6(16) = P=40 units
A=96 units2 c = 10 units
D1= 12 D2= 16
KITE
A quadrilateral whose four sides can be grouped into two pairs of equal-length
sides that are adjacent to each other.
Properties of a kite:
Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
One pair of opposite angles are equal.
The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular to each other.
The longer diagonal of the kite bisects the shorter diagonal.
The area of a kite is equal to half of the product of the length of
its diagonals.
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Kite
To solve for Area Finding the value of sides To solve for perimeter
A=1/2 D1 x D2 C2=a2+b2 P=S1+S2+S3+S4
Example:
Area: 2=a2+b2
C Solving for perimeter
A=1/2 D1 x D2 C2=52 + 122 P=S1+S2+S3+S4
A=1/2 (21)(24) C2=25 + 144 P=13+13+20+20
A=12(21) C2=169 P=26 + 40
A=252 units2 C=13 units P=66 units
C2=a2+b2
C2=162+122
C2=256 +24
D1=AC D2=BD
D1 (A=5 C=16)
C2=400
D2 (B=12 D=12)
C2=400
C=20 units
TRAPEZOID
A trapezoid has a pair of parallel sides but all the sides can vary in
length and connecting angles.
Properties of trapezoid:
The properties of a trapezoid apply by definition (parallel bases).
The legs are congruent by definition.
The lower base angles are congruent.
The upper base angles are congruent.
Any lower base angle is supplementary to any upper
base angle.
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Trapezoid
To solve for Area To solve for perimeter
A=1/2 (b1 + b2) h P=S1+S2+S3+S4
Example: b1= 10 b2= 20 S1= 6 S2= 13 S3=6
h=12 S4= 11
Area: Solving for perimeter
A=1/2 (b1 + b2) h P= S1+S2+S3+S4
A=1/2(10 + 20) 12 P= 6 + 13 + 6 + 8
A=15 (12) P= 33 units
A=180 units2
PENTAGON
A pentagon is a type of polygon comprising of 5 straight sides
that cannot intersect with each other.
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF A PENTAGON
Not all sides and All interior One or more interior
All sides and interior angles are equal angles < 180° angles > 180°
angles are equal
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Pentagon
To solve for area To solve for perimeter
P= 1/2ap P=S1+S2+S3+S4+S5
Example:
Area: Perimeter:
A= 1/2ap P=S1+S2+S3+S4+S5
A= 1/2(2)(15) P= 5 (3)
A= 1/2(30) P=15 units
A= 15 units2
side = 3 apothem= 2
HEXAGON
A hexagon is a polygon with 6 sides and 6 angles. The word hexa means six
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF A HEXAGON
Not all sides and All interior One or more interior
All sides and interior
angles are equal angles < 180° angles > 180°
angles are equal
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Hexagon
To solve for area To solve for perimeter
A= (3√3 s2)/ 2 P=6S
Example:
Area:
A= (3√3 s2)/ 2 Perimeter:
A= (3√3 (9)2)/ 2 P= 6S
A= (3√3 (81)/ 2 P= 6(9)
A= 210.4 cm2 P= 54 cm
HEPTAGON
A heptagon is a polygon that has seven sides. It is a closed figure having 7
vertices. A heptagon is also sometimes called Septagon. The term Hepta
means seven
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HEPTAGON
All sides and interior Not all sides and All interior One or more interior
angles are equal angles are equal angles < 180° angles > 180°
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Heptagon
To solve for area To solve for perimeter
A= 1/2ap P=7S
Example:
Area:
51.4o/2 = 25.7o A = 1/2ap Perimeter:
51.4o A = 1/2 (5.19)(35) P=7S
tan= opp/adj A = 1/2 (181.65) P= 7(5)
tan25.7o=2.5/a A = 90.83 units2 P= 35 units
a=2.5/tan25.7o
a= 5.19
side = 5
OCTAGON
o a polygon is made up of 8 sides and 8
angles.
o “octa” = eight + “gon” = sides
1 2
8 3
7 4
6 5
Octagon
Octagon: ABCDEFGH
Sides: AB, BC, CD, EF, FG, GH, HA
Angles: ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F + ∠G
+ ∠H = 1080°.
• A octagon has a total of 20 diagonals.
• An octagon has 8 exterior angles. The
sum of the exterior angles of an
octagon is 360°.
OCTAGON
An octagon is a polygon that has eight sides
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF OCTAGON
One or more
All sides and interior Not all sides and All interior
interior angles >
angles are equal angles are equal angles < 180°
180°
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Octagon
To solve for area To solve for perimeter
A = 2(1 +2)s2 P=8S
Example:
Area: Perimeter:
A= 2(1 +2)s2 P= 8S
A= 2(1 +2)52 P= 8(5)
A= 50 (1 + 2) P=40 cm
A= 120. 71 cm2
Objects in Real - life
NONAGON
• First used in the early 17th century
• “nona” = nine + “gon” = sides
• a polygon made up of 9 sides and 9 angles
• also called enneagon, which means nine
corners
NONAGON
Nonagon: ABCDEFGHI
Sides: AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FG, GH, HI, and
IA
Angles: <A, <B, <C, <D, <E, <F, <G, <H, and <I
A nonagon has a total of 27
diagonals
Ex:
Line segment AC and BD
TYPES OF NONAGON
REGULAR NONAGON IRREGULAR NONAGON
Has nine sides of equal length and nine Does not have all sides equal or all interior
interior angles, each measuring 140⁰ and angles equal
exterior angles of 40⁰ each.
The sum of all nine interior angles is equal to
Has nine lines of symmetry and rotational 1260⁰
equilibrium of order nine.
An irregular nonagon can be both convex and
All regular nonagon is convex concave.
TYPES OF NONAGON
CONVEX NONAGON CONCAVE NONAGON
Have all nine vertices pointing outwards. Have at least one vertex pointing inwards
with an interior angle greater than 180⁰
No interior angle of a convex nonagon
measure more than 180⁰ At least one diagonal lies outside the
closed figure.
All diagonals lie inside the closed
figure All concave nonagons are irregular
Can be both regular or irregular
Area:
FORMULAS:
P = perimeter
A = ap b = base/side
A = ( bh) n h = height
a = apothem
Perimeter: n = no. of sides
(P) = 9S
Ex: Find the area of a regular nonagon having each side
measuring 20in.
Given:
40
s = 20 in
Ex: Find the perimeter of a regular nonagon with
20
each side measuring 10in. Sol’n:
Given: = 40
10
S= 10in
40
Sol’n: A = (20) (10
= 900in² 10in
(P) = 9S 20in 10in
= 9 x 10in= 90in
.
US Steel Building in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (irregular
nonagon)
DECAGON
A decagon is a polygon with 10 sides and 10 vertices. "Deca-"
means "ten."
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF DECAGON
All sides and interior Sides and angles have
angles are congruent various lengths
Getting the Area and Perimeter of a Decagon
To solve for area To solve for perimeter
A= 1/2ap P=10S
Example:
Area:
360/20 = 18o Perimeter:
P=9S
A = 1/2ap P= 10 (10)
tan= opp/adj A = 1/2 (15.3884)(100)
tan18o=5/a P= 100 units
A = 1/2 (1 538.84)
a=5/tan18o A = 769.42 units2
a= 13.3884
side = 10
Non-Polygons
● Non-polygons are shapes that do not satisfy the
criteria of a polygon. Basically, these are the shapes
with curves sides or an open-shaped figure. A
common example of a non-polygon is a circle
CIRCLE
A circle is a closed two-dimensional figure in which the set of all
the points in the plane is equidistant from a given point called
“centre”
PARTS OF A CIRCLE radius - is the distance from the center to the
circumference
diameter - width of the circle that passes through the
center
chord - a line joining two points on the circumference
center - the middlemost part of the circle
sector - a fraction of a circle between two radii and an
arc
arc - a fraction of the circumference
secant - is a line that intersects a circle in two points
tangent - is the line in a plane of a circle that
intersects at exactly one point
Getting the Area and Circumference of a Circle
To solve for area To solve for circumference
A= πr2 C = 2πr
Example: A circular sandbox has a radius of 2. 5 feet. Find the
circumference and the are of the circle
Area: Circumference
A= πr2 C= 2πr
A= π(2.5)2 C= 2π(2.5)
A= 19. 625 or 19.63 ft2 C= 15.7 feet
Reporters:
Reporters:
DENNIS
SOPHIA KHAILE HERSHEY FRANCINE
SHAKIRA DANIELLE STEPHANIE KRISSA
Thank You :)
