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Bio Magnetism: Name: Ayesha Sahoo 2016 ETC 013

This document discusses bio magnetism and the use of SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) to measure extremely weak magnetic fields produced by biological sources. It introduces how biological material can produce external magnetic fields through natural ion currents or magnetic particles in the body. It then explains dipole theory and detection methods in bio magnetism before discussing the instrumentation of SQUIDs, which use Josephson junctions to detect magnetic fields. The document outlines the two main types of SQUIDs - RF and DC - and their applications in areas like magnetoencephalography and magnetocardiography. It concludes by discussing the future scope and diagnostic value of bio magnetism.

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142 views15 pages

Bio Magnetism: Name: Ayesha Sahoo 2016 ETC 013

This document discusses bio magnetism and the use of SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) to measure extremely weak magnetic fields produced by biological sources. It introduces how biological material can produce external magnetic fields through natural ion currents or magnetic particles in the body. It then explains dipole theory and detection methods in bio magnetism before discussing the instrumentation of SQUIDs, which use Josephson junctions to detect magnetic fields. The document outlines the two main types of SQUIDs - RF and DC - and their applications in areas like magnetoencephalography and magnetocardiography. It concludes by discussing the future scope and diagnostic value of bio magnetism.

Uploaded by

Ayesha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIO MAGNETISM

Name: Ayesha Sahoo


2016 ETC 013
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Dipole theory and detection
 Instrumentation of bio-magnets
 Josephson junction
 Types of squids
 Applications of squids
 Advantages and disadvantages
 future scopes
 Conclusion
 references
INTRODUCTION
 When biological material produces an external magnetic field
this is called bio magnetism.
 Magnetic fields from the body are mostly produced in two
ways:
1. natural ion current in the body
2. contaminating magnetic particles in the body
DIPOLE THEORY AND DETECTION
 Depolarization and depolarisation of cells results in currents
within the human body.
 Dipole theory in bio magnetism:
INSTRUMENTATION
 Super Conductivity Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) is a
magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic field
 SQUID is an assembly of
Josephson junctions within a
superconducting ring.
JOSEPHSON JUNCTION
 The Josephson junction is composed of two
superconductors separated by a thin
insulating layer.
 There are two main types of SQUID
(1) Direct current (DC) –Two Josephson Junction used
(2) Radio Frequency (RF)- One Josephson Junction used
TYPES OF SQUID
RF SQUID

 Uses only one Josephson junction


 The RF SQUID is coupled to a resonant tank circuit
TYPES OF SQUID(Contd..)
DC SQUID
 Uses two Josephson junction
connected in parallel and
shunted with resister
 Phase changes with changing

magnetic field.
APPLICATIONS OF SQUID
 MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG)
Measures the magnetic fields produced in the brain by ionic
current flow arising from neural activity.
 MAGNETOCARDIOGRAPH (MCG)
Used for heart monitoring.
 Brain imaging
 Storage of iron the liver
 Particles in lungs
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

advantages disadvantages

●
Environmental noise
●
Non- invasiveness ●
Most effective solution is a
●
Quick measurement
magnetically shielding
●
Good spatial resolution.
room (MSR).
FUTURE SCOPE
 A new program to image cancer and tumors with SQUID
sensor arrays and super paramagnetic nano particles is
currently under development.
 Biomagnetism also have a good diagnostic value.
CONCLUSION
 Bio magnetism is a boon for medicine.
 It is the science where specifically designed magnets and
their magnetic fields are used to study the living system.
REFERENCE
 I.P.Wiksow, Jr; “SQUID magnetometers for Biomagnetism and
Nondestructive Testing”: Important Questions and Intial Answers. –IEEE
Transactions on Applied Super Conductivity Vol 5, No:2,June1998
 SJ Williamson, L Kaufman - Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,
1981 – Elsevier
 m, CH., Jun, S.C. & Sekihara, K. Recent advances in biomagnetism and its
applications. Biomed. Eng. Lett. 7, 183–184 (2017).
 www.biomagnetism.com
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU

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