Khulfa-e-Rashideen:

PRESENTED BY: WASEEM AKRAM 2661-2018

:FAHAD SHAKEEL 2418-2018
: GULZAIB KHAN 2682-2018
:NAVEED BANGULZAI
:YASIR MANZOOR
The Guided Khilafat

 Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)

 Hadhrat Umar Farooq (ra)
 Hadrat Uthman Ghani (ra)
 Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib (ra)
Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)
THE FIRST SUCCESSOR OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAW)
 General Information

 Born 572 A.D. in Mecca

 His name was Abdullah
 Father: Abu Qahafah
 Mother: Ummul Khair Salma
 Wealthy merchant
 Close friend of the Holy Prophet (saw)
 Title: Siddiq
 Accompanied the Holy Prophet (saw) during his migration from
Mecca to Medina
 Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra) passed away on August 23, 634 AD
 He was one of the ten blessed ones to whom the Holy Prophet (saw)
had given the glad tidings that they had been rewarded the Paradise.
 He was khalifa for 2 years
Acceptance of Islam

 Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra) was away when the Holy

Prophet (saw) first made his claim of prophethood
 Upon hearing rumors, he approached the Holy
Prophet (saw)
 When the Holy Prophet (saw) told him that he had
received messages from God, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra),
without hesitation, accepted the claim of the Holy
Prophet (saw) and became a Muslim
The Death of the Holy Prophet (saw)

 Hadhrat Abu Bakr was away when the Holy Prophet (saw) died
 There was a lot of confusion and grief after the death of the Holy Prophet (saw)
 Hadhrat Umar (ra) said that whoever should say that the Prophet (saw) had died would
lose his head
 Hadhrat Abu Bakr cleared the confusion and united the Companions
 The Death of the Holy
Prophet (saw)
 He quoted from the Quran and said:
 "The Holy Prophet was but a prophet. There had been
prophets before him and they had all died. If he also should
die or be put to death, would they turn back upon him?"
(Al-Imran: 145)
 "Thou (O Muhammad) are surely going to die and they
surely are going to die." (Al-Zumar: 31) “
 "O ye men, whoever amongst you worshipped Muhammad,
let him know that Muhammad is dead, and whoever
amongst you worshipped Allah, let him know that Allah is
Living, there is no death for Him." (Bukhari, Volume 2,
Chapter Manaqibe Abu Bakr)
 Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)

 He had to deal with several difficult problems after the death

of the Holy Prophet (saw)
 1. Some of the tribes renounced Islam and started preparing to
attack Medina. Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra) sent troops and succeeded in
suppressing their rebellion.
 2. Many people refused to pay the Zakat. Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra)
vowed to collect Zakat from every one and took all the necessary
measures to achieve this goal.
 3. A number of people pretending to be prophets, started
rebellions. They raised large armies and captured some of the
Muslim territories. Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra) suppressed these
rebellions.
Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)

 During the last days of his life, the Holy Prophet (saw) had
raised an army to be sent against the Romans
 Due to the unstable conditions after the death of the
Holy Prophet (saw), some Companions suggested that the
army be kept close to Medina.
 But Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra) replied forcefully, “What
authority has the Son of Abu Qahafah, to stop that which
was started by the Holy Prophet (saw) ”.
 The Muslim Army defeated the Roman forces and
Persian forces, and the whole of Syria came under the
control of the Islamic state.
Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)

 He also collected all the pieces of writings of the Holy Quran

in one place and re-organized the system of Huffaz, or those
who memorize the Holy Quran.
Hadhrat Umar Farooq (ra)

The Second Successor of the Holy Prophet (saw)

General Information

 Title: Ibn Al-Khattab (family name)

 Born 581 A.D. in Mecca
 From the family of Quresh
 Initially, a fierce opponent of Islam and the Holy Prophet (saw)
 Conversion to Islam

 One day Hadhrat Umar (ra) took up his sword and left his house
to kill the Holy Prophet (saw). On his way, someone told him to
first deal with his own sister and brother-in-law, who had
already accepted Islam. He went straight to their house. He
could hear the Holy Qur’an being recited inside the house.
This made him so furious that he beat his brother-in-law, and
wounded his sister who tried to protect her husband. His
wounded sister said, ‘Umar! You may beat us as much as you
like, but we are not going to give up our faith.’ This made
Hadhrat Umar (ra) calm down and he asked them to recite a
portion of the Holy Qur’an for him. He was so moved by the
Qur’anic verses that his eyes filled with tears. He went straight
to the Holy Prophet (saw) and accepted Islam.
 Expansion of the Muslim Empire

 During his Khilafat, vast areas of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt came under the
Muslim rule.
 The city of Jerusalem in Palestine was conquered by Muslims in 17 Hijri
Main Achievements

 Establishment of Majlis-e-Shura, a body of

advisors to the Khalifah
 Division of the whole Islamic state into
provinces
 Establishment of a finance department and
building of schools and mosques in different
parts of the state.
 Introduction of Islamic calendar of Hijrah.
 Concern for His People

 Hadrat ‘Umar (ra) was so anxious about the welfare of his people
that he used to go around in disguise, in the city of Medina at night,
to see if anyone was in need of help. Once, he observed a woman
cooking something in a pot while her children were crying around
her. He found out from woman that the children had been hungry for
two days and that the pot was put on fire just to console them. He
immediately brought all the necessary food items to the woman. On
his way, one of his servants offered to carry the load but he stopped
him saying: On the Day of Judgment you will not carry my load.
The woman, who had not seen Hadrat Umar (ra) before, was so
pleased that she prayed aloud for him saying, “May Allah make you
the Khalifah in place of Umar.” On hearing this Hadrat Umar (ra)
started crying and without saying a word left the place.
Death of Hadhrat Umar (ra)

 In 644 AD, Hadrat Umar (ra) was stabbed by a

Persian slave, while he was offering his
Prayers in the mosque. He passed away at the
age of sixty three on 26th of Dhul Hijjah, 23
AH.
 He was Khalifa for 10 years
 He was also one of the ten blessed ones to
whom the Holy Prophet (saw) had given the glad
tidings that they had been rewarded Paradise.
Hadrat Uthman Ghani ra

The Third Successor of the Holy Prophet (saw)

General Information

 Elected khalifa by the council appointed by Hadrat Umar (ra) a

short time before his death
 Belonged to Bani Umayya of the Quraish
 One of the ten men that received glad tidings of paradise from
Holy Prophet
Ghani

 Well-known for generosity to the poor

Acceptance of Islam

 Accepted Islam after preaching from close friend Hadrat Abu

Bakr ra
 Fourth person to embrace Islam
 Suffered due to persecution by uncle
 Migrated to Abyssinia and then Medina
Dhunnurain

 one with two lights

 Married two of the Holy Prophet’s daughters:
1. Ruqayyah ra
2. Ummi Kulthum ra
Khilafat

 Crushed rebellion in Iran

 In the North, Romans defeated by Muslim force lead by Hadrat
Amir Muawiah ra
 Romans also prevented from invading Egypt
 Iran, Asia Minor and Egypt came under Muslim control
 navy and an Islamic fleet were established
Khilafat

 Standard copies of the Holy Qur’an were prepared from the

ones compiled by Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra) and sent to all the
provinces of the state
 last six years of his Khilafat passed in chaos and conflicts due
to the conspiracies of certain groups
Death

 Hadrat Uthman (ra) was martyred on June 17, 656 AD while he

was reciting the Holy Qur’an
 He died at the age of eighty-two
Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib (ra)

The Fourth Successor of the Holy Prophet (saw)

General Information

 son of the Holy Prophet’s (saw) uncle Abu Talib

 born in Mecca about twenty years after the
birth of the Holy Prophet (saw)
 Holy Prophet (saw) himself became his guardian
 Hadrat Ali (ra) stayed in the bed of the Holy
Prophet (saw) the night when the Holy Prophet
(saw) left Mecca for Medina
 General Information

 Hadhrat Ali (ra) was a brave and skilled warrior

 He participated in almost all battles with the Holy Prophet (saw)
 He was married to Hadrat Fatimah (ra) who was the daughter of the Holy Prophet
(saw)

 One of the ten men that received glad tidings of paradise from Holy Prophet
 Khilafat

 On June 23, 656 AD, Hadrat Ali (ra) was chosen as the fourth successor of the Holy
Prophet (saw)
 The death of Hadrat Uthman (ra) resulted in complete disorder in the city of Medina.
 Hadhrat Ali (ra) moved the capital of the Muslim State from Medina to Kufa in Iraq,
which was a more central place
 Khilafat

 Face the demand of Muslims to immediately punish the murderers of Hadrat

Uthman (ra)
 announced that his top priority was to restore order in the state; only then he would
be able to punish the assassins of  Hadrat Uthman (ra)
 Khilafat

 Hadrat Talha (ra) and Hadrat Zubair (ra) disagreed with Hadhrat Ali (ra) and began to
raise armies
 Hadrat Aishah (ra) also joined Hadrat Talha (ra) and Hadrat Zubair (ra) , in an effort to
punish the assassins. The three led a small army towards Basra, Iraq
Battle of Jamal (Camel)

 battle took place between Hadrat Ali’s forces and

the forces of Hadrat Aishah (ra)
 Hadrat Talha (ra) and Hadrat Zubair (ra) left their
forces even before the battle, and were killed by
some other opponents.
 Hadrat Aishah’s (ra) forces were defeated, but
Hadrat Ali (ra) gave her due respect and took care of
her safety.
 Hadrat Aishah (ra) regretted throughout her life to
have fought against Hadrat Ali (ra).
 Hadhrat Amir Muawiah (ra), a member of the family of
Hadhrat Uthman (ra), and who fought against the
Romans during the time of Hadhrat Uthman (ra) had
not taken Bai’at at the hands of Hadhrat Ali (ra)
 After the Battle of Jamal, Hadrat Ali (ra) urged Amir
Muawiah (ra) to take Bai’at in the best interest of
Islam. But Amir Muawiah (ra) refused and insisted that
the death of Hadhrat Uthman (ra) must be avenged
first.
Hadrat Ali (ra) and Amir
Muawiah (ra)
 Amir Muawiah (ra), with the help of Amr Bin As (ra),
started raising an army.
 Hadrat Ali (ra) had no choice but to fight Amir Muawiah
(ra).

 In July, 567AD, the two armies met in a battle at Saffain.

The battle ended with the agreement that the matter be
decided by a committee containing Abu Musa al-Ash’ari
(ra), representing Hadrat Ali (ra), and Amr Bin As (ra)
representing Amir Muawia (ra).
 This agreement ended in failure because Amr Bin As (ra)
did not follow the decision agreed upon
Khwarariji

 ‘The Outsiders’
 A group of people who were basically against the decision of
the committee. They separated and chose an independent Amir
for themselves.
 Hadrat Ali (ra) first tried to persuade them to follow him, but
failed. This led to a fierce battle in which most of the
Khawariji were killed.
Death

 Khawariji planned to assassinate Hadrat

Ali (ra), Hadrat Amir Muawiah (ra) and Amr
bin As (ra).
 The latter two escaped from the attempts on
their lives. Hadrat Ali (ra) was fatally
wounded by his attacker, while going to the
mosque for Fajr prayer
 Two days latter, he passed away on 20th
Ramadan, 40 AH
REFERENCE