OTTO CYCLE/ENGINE

(problem EXERCISES)
1. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of
compression, air is at 14.4 psia and 75oF. During constant-volume heat addition 480
Btu/lbm of heat is transferred. Calculate:
(a) The maximum temperature using ITEM B1,
a. 4063.34oR b. 3500oR
c. 3925.44oR d.4029.11oR
(b) same as (a) but using ITEM B2,
a. 3456.87oR b. 3467.43oR
c. 3546.78oR c. 3565.96oR
(c) etc using ITEM B1 and ITEM B2,
a.56.47%, 51.48% b. 54.7%, 45.38%
c.56.47%, 48.56% d. 54.7%, 57.56%
(d) Work net using ITEM B1 and ITEM B2,
a. 280.45 and 276.45: Btu/lb b. 245.12 and 220.45: Btu/lb
c. 271.06 and 246.12: Btu/lb d. none of the above
2. An engine equipped with a single cylinder having a bore of 12 cm
and a stroke of 50 cm operates on an Otto cycle at 300 rpm. At the
beginning of the compression stroke air is at 100 kPa, 25°C. The
maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100°C. (a) If the clearance
volume is 1500 cm3/s. Determine:
Ideal thermal efficiency.
a. 71.45% b. 54.55%
c. 80.45% d. 69.73%
(b) Work net,
a. 7.45 KJ/s b.6.778 KJ/s
c. 6.985 KJ/s d. 5.542 KJ/s
(c) mep
a.239.723 KPa b. 240.542 KPa
c. 324.234 KPa d. 28.452 KPa
3. A six-cylinder engine with a volumetric efficiency of 90% and a
thermal efficiency of 38% produces 200 kW of power at 3000 rpm.
The cylinder bore and stroke are 100 mm and 200 mm respectively.
If the condition of air in the intake manifold is 95 kPa and 300 K,
Assume the heating value of the fuel to be 35 MJ/kg of fuel.
Determine:
(a) the mass flow rate of air in kg/s,
a. 0.5124 kg/s b. 0.4678 kg/s
c. 0.2451 kg/s d. 0.6542 kg/s
(b) the fuel consumption rate in kg/s, and
a. 0.01504 kg/s b. 0.0214 kg/s
c. 0.06452 kg/s d. 0.0325 kg/s
(c) the specific fuel consumption in kg/kW.hr.
a. 0.2545 kg/s b. 0.3451 kg/s
c. 0.2707 kg/s d. 0.2012 kg/s
4. A four-cylinder four-stroke engine operates at 4000 rpm. The bore
and stroke are 100 mm each, the MEP is measured as 0.6 MPa, and
the thermal efficiency is 35%. Determine
(a) the power produced by the engine in kW,
a. 54.24 kW b. 65.23 kW
c. 62.83 kW d. 46.89 kW
(b) the waste heat in kW,
a. 116.69 kW b. 125.45 kW
c. 114.15 kW d. 215.10 kW
(c) torque develop if the indicated and mechanical engine efficiency
are 89% and 80% respectively
a. 106.797 N-m b. 110.45 N-m
c. 125.45 N-m d. 103.45 N-m
5. An ideal otto engine is used that burns 30 kg/hr
of fuel with a lower heating value of 50000 kJ/kg
in 400 kg/hr of air. Find the Worknet if the
compression ratio is 15.
a. 275.62 kW
b. 255.62 kW
c. 265.62 kW d. 245.62 kW
6. A 8-cylinder, 3.5 x 3.5 in. Automotive engine with rk =
8, develops 119 bhp at 3600 RPM. Determine the Bmep
and the brake engine efficiency using k = 1.33 with 0.48
lb/bhp.hr of fuel consumption with a LHV of 18750
BTU/lb.
a. 48.59 psi, 56.94% c. 40.59 psi, 56.94%
b. 41.59 psi, 56.94% d. 42.59 psi, 56.94%
7. Determine the approximate cylinder dimension of a 6-
cylinder, four stroke spark-ignition engine to deliver 200
Bhp at 3500 RPM. Diameter to stroke ratio is a.2 and
from experiment, it is concluded that the brake mep = 150
psi.
a. 4 x 3.33 in. c. 4 x 4.44 in.
b. 3 x 4.44 in. d. 3 x 3.33 in.
8. An ideal otto with 8% clearance operates on 20 lb/min
of air initially at 14.4 psia and 120 F . Determine, Vd and
the mass drawn during suction for a volume efficiency of
80%.
a. 276.3 ft3 /min , 14. 816 lb/min
b. 276.3 ft3 /min , 110. 816 lb/min
c. 269.3 ft3 /min , 10. 816 lb/min
d. 267.3 ft3 /min , 14. 816 lb/min
9. An air standard Otto Cycle, the state at the beginning of
compression is 20 psia, 150 ⁰F, the compression ratio is
rk=9. Find the clearance, P2, T2, if cold air is the working
fluid respectively.

a) c=0.14, P2= 433.48 psia, T2 = 1469 ⁰R

b) c=0.125, P2 = 423.48 psia, T2 = 1469 ⁰R
c) c=0.125,P2 = 433.48 psia,T2 = 1469 ⁰R
10. An air standard Otto cycle whose working fluid is hot
air(k=1.31), the state at the beginning of compression is
20 psia, 150 ⁰F, the compression ratio is rk =9. Find the
clearance, P2, T2.

a) c=0.14, P2= 355.70 psia, T2 = 1205.44 ⁰R

b) c=0.125, P2 = 355.70 psia, T2 = 1205.44 ⁰R
c) c=0.125,P2 = 355.70 psia,T2 = 1469 ⁰R
11. An air standard Otto Cycle, the state at the
beginning of compression is 20 psia, 150 ⁰F, the
compression ratio is rk= 9. Find the clearance, P2,
T2 using ITEM B2.

a) c=0.125, P2= 415.73 psia, T2 = 1411.21 ⁰R

b) c=0.125, P2 = 415.83 psia, T2 = 1411.21 ⁰R
c) c=0.12, P2 = 415.73 psia, T2 = 1411.21 ⁰R
12. What is the cycle efficiency in an
air standard Otto Cycle, whose rk=9?

a) 0.585 b) 0.494 c) 0.594

13. For an ideal Otto engine with 18% clearance
and an initial pressure of 95 kPaa, determine the
pressure at the end of compression using ITEM
B1.

a) P = 1325.46kPaa
b) P = 1324.46kPaa
c) P = 1324.46psia
14. For an ideal Otto engine operating on the air standard
(ITEM B2), temperature at the end of expansion is 2490
⁰F and at the end of isentropic compression is 860 ⁰F.
Find the work and efficiency if rk =7.

a) W=427.94 BTU/lb, etc=0.478%

b) W=427.94 BTU/kg, etc=0.478% c)
W=427.94 kJ/kg, etc=0.478%
15. Sketch an otto cycle on PV and TS planes
with point 1 being the beginning of the isentropic
compression process. These data apply for the air
standard cycles P1 = 101.4 kPaa, T1 = 333.3 K, V1
= 283 L, rk = 5 and T3 = 2000 K. Solve for m1.
 
a. 0.3 kgm c. 0.6 kgm
b. 0.8 kgm d. 0.9 kgm
16. From the previous problem 15, find V2.
 
a.56.6 L c. 56.0 L
b. 60.8 L d. 65.6 L
17. From problem 15, find QA that have T2 =
634.5 K.
 
a. 294.42 kJ c. 594.88 kJ
b. 394.35 kJ d. 600.35 kJ
18. Find also QR in problem 15 with T4 = 1050.6
K.
 
a. 154.66 kJ c. 354.88 kJ
b. 254.77 kJ d. 545.99 kJ
19. Find the thermal efficiency of the otto engine
in problem 15.
 
a. 47.5 % c. 66.8%
b. 57.9 % d. 37.5%
20. A four stroke Otto cycle engine has four cylinders
with 10X10 cm in size. It has an ideal thermal efficiency
of 52% running at 200 rpm. What is the volume before
the compression if k=1.4.

a. 0.7475m3/min c. 1.003m3/min
b. 0.8361 m3/min d. 0.5639 m3/min
21. What is the mass of air needed for an Otto cycle
engine with a pressure of 101.3 Kpaa and a temperature of
29°C at the beginning of compression, and if the ideal
thermal efficiency is 50% with two cylinder (9X10 cm)
running at 500 rpm? (apply air standard cycle)

a. 1kg/min c. 0.903 kg/min

b. 1.303 kg/min d. 0.822 kg/min
22. An Otto cycle with pressure and temperature of 101.3
Kpaa and 340 K respectively before the compression, and
it has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure during
the power stroke if its temperature is 1400K. Use k =
1.32.

a. 3336.92 Kpaa c. 2871.22 Kpaa b. 4334.1

Kpaa d.1592.46Kpaa
23. What is the main effective pressure for a Otto
cycle having a compression ratio of 10 and the
heat added is 100 KW if volume displaced is 0.6
m3/min and k=1.4.

a. 6018.9 Kpaa c. 3429.12 Kpaa b.

5392.3 Kpaa d.4932.75Kpaa
24. An ideal Otto Cycle operates an 0.5 lb/s of air and at the
beginning of the compression is 14.1 psia, 140 F, and also has a
clearance of 15%. The energy released during combustion is 500
Btu/s. Compute for a.) rk b.) P and T at each corner c.) etc

a.) rk­= 9; T2= 1355.194; P2= 422.16; P3= 1295.36; P4= 74.5psia;
3183.09; etc=52.9%
b.) rk­= 7.667; T2= 1355.194; P2= 244.17; P3= 1295.36; P4= 74.8psia;
3183.09; etc=53.726%
c.) rk­= 9; T2= 1455.194; P2= 422.16; P3= 1295.36; P4= 74.5psia;
5113.09; etc=62.9%
d.) none of the above
25. For an ideal otto engine, the overall value
k=1.4, C= 15%, T4= 2840 F, V2= 0.5 ft3/s, T1=
120 F and 1 lbm/s. Find mep.

a. mep= 1005.9 psia

b. mep= 509.8 psia
c. mep= 950.8
d. none of the above
 
26. A 4 stroke 4 cylinder gasoline engine to deliver 90 bhp at 1800
rpm w/ D=L= 5in; It has a bmep= 110 psi, the mechanical efficiency,
nme= 80% and has specific fuel consumption of 0.5 lbmfuel­/ bhp-hr
and LHV qin­= 18000 Btu/ lbmfuel. Let rk= 7 and k=1.4. Calculate the
a.) etb and imep b. QA and QB.

a. ) etb= 48.2%; imep= 126.05 psi; QA= 419.25hp; QR= 160.6 hp

b.) etb= 28.27%; imep= 126.05 psi; QA= 318.92hp; QR= 150.556 hp
c.) etb= 48.2%; imep= 126.05 psi; QA= 318.92hp; QR= 160.6 hp
d.) none of the above
27. An ideal Otto Cycle operates 1 lbm of air and has a
13.8 psia at the suction and 140 F. It has a compression
ratio of 7. a.) find P and T at the end of compression and
the ideal thermal efficiency.

a.) P2= 210.386 psia; T2= 1306.744 R; etc= 54.08%

b.) P2= 310.386 psia; T2= 1206.744 R; etc= 54.08%
c.) P2= 310.386 psia; T2= 1306.744 R; etc= 54.08%
d.) None of the above
28. An ideal Otto engine is operating in a 2 stroke
gasoline to deliver 100 hp at 1500 rpm. The brake mean
effective pressure should not exceed 110 psia and the
mechanical efficiency is approximately 80%. Determine
the cylinder dimensions if bore-to-stroke ratio is 1.

a. 15.89 cm c. 158.86 mm
b. 17.25 cm d. 172.50 mm
29. An Otto cycle with an initial pressure, temperature and
volume of 95 kPaa, 27 °C and 300 liters respectively has
a compression ration of 7. If the system uses cold air as
the working substance, determine the work done by the
system. The highest temperature is ten times greater than
the initial temperature at absolute temperature.

a. 298 kW c. 558 kW
b. 302 kW d. 257 kW
30. What is the ideal thermal efficiency of an
ideal Otto cycle if the mechanical efficiency,
indicated engine efficiency, and the brake thermal
efficiency are 85%, 70% and 30 % respectively?

a. 45.50% c. 50.42%
b. 25% d. 85.75%
31. An ideal Otto engine with 10% clearance operates on
15 lbm/min of air initially at 1atm and 100 °F. Determine
its volume displacement and the mass drawn in during
suction for a volumetric efficiency of 80%.

a. 201.43 ft3/min; 10.91 lbm/min

b. 192.43 ft3/min; 13.64 lbm/min
c. 192.43 ft3/min; 10.91 lbm/min
d. None of the above.
32. An otto cycle with a compression ratio of 8.5
operates from the suction conditions of 97.91
KPa, 30 C. Find the pressure and temperature at
the end of compression. Solve for the ideal
thermal efficiency.

a.) 1958.91 KPa; 57.52%

b.) 1858.81 KPa; 57.52%
c.) 2000.00 KPa; 57.52%
d.) 1959.21 KPa; 57.52%
33.An ideal Otto engine with an ideal thermal effcy. Of
60% and V2=200 L. Calculate

A.) Compression ratio

a.) 16.882 c.) 12.882

b.) 10.882 d.) 9.882

B.) volume displacement in m3

a.) 3.7764 m3 c.) 1.7764 m3

b.) 2.7764 m3 d.) 4.7764 m3
34. An ideal Otto engine having a volumetric
effcy of 90% and V1=60 ft3 with heat rejected of
1032 KJ/s. Determine the heat added at the cycle
if the mean effective pressure of 600KPa.

a.) 2243.6 KJ/s c.) 2323.6 KJ/s

b.) 2553.6 KJ/s d.) 2263.6 KJ/s
35. A 4 cylinder, 6 ½ X 8 in., 4 stroke automobile
engine having a work net and mean effective
pressure of of 300 hp and 190 psia respectively
operates at a certain speed. Determine the speed
in rpm that operates the engine.

a.) 1274.74 rpm c.) 1174.74 rpm

b.) 1184.74 rpm d.) 1344.74 rpm
36. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the
beginning of the compression process, the air is at 100 kPa and C,
and 800 kJ/kg of heat is tranferred to air during the constant-volume
heat-addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heats
of air with temperature, determine (a) the maximum temperature and
pressure that occur during the cycle, (b) the net work output, (c) the
thermal efficiency, and (d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle.

a. 1575.1 K, 4.345 Mpa, 418.17 kJ/kg, 52.3%, 574.4 kPa b.

1576.2 K, 3.476 Mpa, 417.45 kJ/kg, 53.3%, 575.2 kPa
c. 1574.3 K, 2.576 Mpa, 419.56 kJ/kg, 54.6%, 576.3 kPa
d. 1577.5 K, 5.387 Mpa, 416.35 kJ/kg, 55.6%, 577.2 kPa
37. An engine operating on the air-standard Otto cycle has a 15
percent clearance volume, a total displacement volume of 2.8 liters,
and operates at 2500 rev/min. The heat added is 1400 kJ/kg.
Determine the maximum temperature and pressure, the thermal
efficiency, power and the available portion of the heat rejected. The
inlet conditions are C and 100 kPa, and . Use the air table values.

a. 2211 K ; 5.65 MPa ; 49.85% ; 108.6 kW ; 78.5%

b. 2144 K ; 6.35 Mpa ; 48.50% ; 135.5 kW; 74.75%
c. 2356 K ; 7.33 Mpa ; 45.3% ; 146.84 kW ; 70.35%
d. 2090 K ; 8.42 Mpa ; 40.42% ; 143.6 kW ; 70.93%
38. An ideal otto engine with 25% clearance operates on 1
lb. of air. psia, and Let . (a) , (b) and , (c) .

a. 12.26 cf. ; 480 ; 113.4 psia ; 627 psia ; 38.3%

b. 13.59 cf. ; 470 ; 123.3 psia ; 693 psia ; 39.4%
c. 11.46 cf. ; 460 ; 114.5 psia ; 692 psia ; 39.2%
d. 19.35 cf. ; 490 ; 131.3 psia ; 642 psia ; 30.5%
39. An Otto cycle operates on 0.2 lb/s of air from 14 psia and 1400F at the beginning
of compression. The temperature at the end of combustion is 50000R; compression
ratio is 5.5; hot-air standard, k= 1.3.
 
 
Find V1, p2, t2, p3, V3, t4 and p4.
a. 3.18ft3/s ; 128.41psia ; 540.60F ; 641.67psia ; 0.578ft3/s ; 25380F & 69.95psia
b. 3.18ft3/s ; 128.41psia ; 405.60F ; 641.67psia ; 0.578ft3/s ; 25380F & 69.95psia
c. 3.18ft3/s ; 128.41psia ; 540.60F ; 641.67psia ; 0.875ft3/s ; 25380F & 69.95psia
d. 3.18ft3/s ; 128.41psia ; 540.60F ; 146.76psia ; 0.578ft3/s ; 25380F & 69.95psia
 
Compute QA, QR, W, e
a. 183.54Btu/s ; 109.59Btu/s ; 73.95Btu/s & etc = 29.40%
b. 183.54Btu/s ; 109.59Btu/s ; 73.95Btu/s & etc = 40.29%
c. 183.54Btu/s ; 109.59Btu/s ; 553.95Btu/s & etc = 40.29%
d. 183.54Btu/s ; 233.59Btu/s ; 73.95Btu/s & etc = 40.29%
40. The conditions at the start of compression in air standard Otto
cycle are 14.7psia and 1000F. The heat supplied per pound of air is
900Btu. The compression ratio is 9. Determine:
A. the minimum temperature
B. the minimum pressure
C. the thermal efficiency
D. the mep.
 
a.) T3 = 7599.490R ; p3 = 1559.3psia ; etc = 58.48% & mep =
226.79psia
b.) T3 = 6599.490R ; p3 = 1559.3psia ; etc = 158.48% & mep =
226.79psia
c.) T3 = 6599.490R ; p3 = 1559.3psia ; etc = 58.48% & mep =
326.79psia
d.) T3 = 6599.490R ; p3 = 1559.3psia ; etc = 58.48% & mep =
226.79psia
41. The conditions at the beginning of compression in an Otto
engine operating on hot-air standard with k=1.4, are 101.3kPa,
0.05m3 and 320C. The clearance is 12% and 13kJ are added per
cycle. Determine: T4 and p4 , WNET , etc , mep
  
a.) T4 = 433.11K & p4 = 143.85kPa ; WNET = 7.68kJ ; etc = 59.08% ;
mep = 172.04kPa
b.) T4 = 833.11K & p4 = 143.85kPa ; WNET = 7.68kJ ; etc = 59.08% ;
mep = 12.04kPa
c.) T4 = 633.11K & p4 = 143.85kPa ; WNET = 9.68kJ ; etc = 59.08% ;
mep = 172.04kPa
d.) T4 = 433.11K & p4 = 13.85kPa ; WNET = 7.68kJ ; etc = 5.08% ;
mep = 172.04kPa
42. There is developed torque of 200 lb-ft by a 6-cylinder, 4stroke-cycle, a single-
acting engine having an indicated mep of 120 psi when operating at 2900 rpm.
Performance curve suggest a mechanical efficiency of 75% and a brake thermal
efficiency of 25% at this speed. For the engine let the clearance c= 14%; the ratio
L/\D = 1 and t1 =1700F; k=1.31. Compute:
 
the bhp
the bore and stroke
the compression ratio
the indicated engine efficiency
 
a. WB = 110.43hp; D=L=2.15in ; rk = 8.14 & nI =79.73%
b. WB = 110.43hp; D=L=3.15in ; rk = 8.14 & nI =69.73%
c. WB = 900.43hp; D=L=3.15in ; rk = 8.14 & nI =59.73%
d. WB = 1210.43hp; D=L=1.15in ; rk = 8.14 & nI =69.73%
43. In a spark-ignition engine that is completing 20,000
cycle/min, the mass of the fuel is 0.00022 lb/cycle with a
lower heating value of 18,000 BTU/lb and its brake
thermal efficiency is 30%. What is the work of the
engine?
a. 506.82bhp c. 580.6 bhp
b. 560.28 bhp d. 528.60 bhp
44. 69 bhp is the work required by a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke
cycle, single acting, spark-ignition engine with a torque
and brake mep of 122 ft-lbf and 80 psi, respectively. Find
the bore and stroke (assume D/L = 1).

a. 4.831 x 4.831 in. c. 4.183 x 4.183 in.

b. 4.008 x 4.008 in. d. 8.183 x 8.183 in.
45. For one hour operation of a gasoline engine, a Mechanical
Engineer designer wants to use a fuel tank as a container of a
minimum fuel supply of these engine (6-cylinder, 0.09 x 0.08 m)
which at maximum output develops a brake torque of 200 N-m at
3500 rpm. The corresponding ideal engine showed a thermal
efficiency of 65.6%, the brake engine efficiency is expected to be
63%. The lower heating value and the specific gravity of the fuel are
40,000 KJ/kg and 0.8, respectively.

a. 0.02 m3 per hour c. 0.0002 m3 per hour

b. 0.002 m3 per hour d. 0.00002 m3 per hour
46. In an ideal otto engine with 22% clearance and an
initial pressure of 100 kPaa, find the pressure at the end of
compression using air-standard properties from Item B1.
Also find the mep (in psi) if the pressure at the end of
constant volume heating is 3500 kPaa.

a. 1100.18 kPaa; 655.389 kPaa

b. 1100.18 kPaa; 630.389 kPaa
c. 1100.18 kPaa; 680.389 kPaa
d. 1000.18 kPaa; 655.39 kPaa
47. An otto engine developed a torque of 200 ft-lbf by a 6
cylinder, 4-stroke-cycle, single acting having an indicated
mep of 110 psi when operating at 3000 rpm. Performance
curves suggest a mechanical efficiency of 80% speed.
Assume that the ratio of bore and stroke must be 1. At the
point of compression, p1 = 14.4 psia and t1 = 170 ۫F ; k =
1.32. what is D x L?

a. 4.17 x 4.17 in. c. 2.17 x 2.17 in.

b. 3.17 x 3.17 in. d. 1.17 x 1.17 in.
48. An otto cycle with a compression ratio of 8.6 operates from the
suction condition of 96.81 kPa, 24.9°C. Find the pressure and
temperature at the end of the compression;
If hot air (k = 1.32) is the working substance.
a. t2 = 321.19 °C;
P2 = 1658.63kPa
 
b. t2 = 320.08 °C;
P2 = 1657.52 kPa
 
If cold air (k = 1.4) is the working substance.
a. t2 = 431.48 °C
P2 = 1968.87 kPa
 
b. t2 = 432.59°C
P2 = 19689.98 kPa
 
Solve for the ideal thermal efficiency based upon the conditions given in A and B.
a. etc = 58.82 %
49. These data apply for the air standard cycle. P1 = 102.5 kPa ; T1 = 444.4 K ; V1 =
394 L ;
rk =6; T3 = 3000 K
Solve for the following:
 
m1 = ? P3 , rp
a. m1 = 0.32 kg a. rp = 12.29
b. m1 = 0.43 kg P3 = 4151.72 kPa
   
P2 , T2 , V2 b. rp = 13.38
P3 = 4152.83kPa
a. V2 = 66.78 L
 
T2 = 910.88K P4 , T4
P2 = 1268.45 kPa a. T4 = 1476.19 K
  P4 = 338.83 kPa
b. V2 = 65.67 L  
T2 = 909.99 K b. T4 = 1465.08 K
P4 = 337.92 kPa
P2 = 1259.34 kPa
 
50. From the solved operating conditions in the previous problem, determine;
QA
a. QA = 480.68 kJ
b. QA = 481.79kJ
 
QR
a. QR = 233.78kJ
b. QR = 232.67kJ
 
etc
a. etc = 51.6 %
b. etc = 52.7 %

mep in psig
a. mep = 95.98 psig
b. mep = 94.89 psig

C
a. C= 20 %
b. C= 21 %
51. The air in an ideal otto engine is initially at 15.6 psia, 200 °F, at
the end of isentropic compression, the pressure is P2=463 psia, at the
end of combustion the pressure is P3=1200 psia. Based upon air-
table values, find:

rk
a. rk = 12.88
b. rk = 11.79
 
percentage clearance, C
a. C = 9.27%
b. C = 9.38%
 
t3
a. = 3847.53
b. = 3846.42
52. From the solved operating conditions in the previous
problem, determine the cycle thermal efficiency. Also, if
the sink temperature is 100°F, compute for the percentage
of the heat added utilized?

A. a. etc = 56.53 %
b. etc = 57.64 %
 
B. a. % Heat Available = 75 %
b. % Heat Available = 74 %
53. Determine the approximate cylinder dimensions of a four cylinder, four stroke
gasoline engine to deliver 200 bhp at 3000 rpm; diameter/stroke ratio; D/L = 1.
From experience it is expected that bmep = 140 psi; the mechanical efficiency nme =
85%, brake specific fuel consumption mfb = 0.66 lb/(bhp-hr) , lower heating value
of fuel Qin = 18000BTU/lb.
Let rk = 7.6 and use an average k = 1.32.
D, L
a. D = L = 4.93 in.
b. D = L = 5.84 in.
 
calculate the expected etb and indicated engine efficiency
a. etb = 22.53 %
ni = 53.88 %
 
b. etb = 21.42 %
ni = 52.79 %
 
the brake engine efficiency
a. nb = 44.87%
b. n = 45.98%
54. From the solved operating conditions in the previous
problem, determine;
the heat added in BTU/min ;
a. QA = 39 599.9 BTU/min
b. QA = 39 588.8 BTU/min
 
the heat rejected in BTU/min;
a. QR = 20 683.82 BTU/min
b. QR = 20 694.91 BTU/min
 
the mass of air needed in kg/hr ; rf/a = 20
a. mair = 1 197.28 kgair /hr
b. mair = 1 198.39 kgair /hr
55. An otto cycle with rk = 11 operates at 150 kpa
at 27C. if cold air is used. What is the pressure at
the end of compression and the etc?

a) 4315.2kpa, 61.70%
b) 4310.5kpa, 61. 77%
c) 4320.3kpa, 61.69%
d) 4305.7kpa, 61. 7%
56. An otto cycle has this data:
P1 = 167kpa
T1 = 400k
V1 = 350L
rk = 7
P3 = 3000kpa
k = 1.32

Find Qa:

a) 103kJ c) 101kJ
b) 105kJ d) 109kJ
57. An otto cycle has a mass of 0.5kg at 38C and
240kpa, k =1.35, at the end of the compression P
= 777kPa. The energy released during
combustion is 450kJ. What is the work net?

a) 120kJ c) 118kJ
b) 150kJ d) 115kJ
58. A 0.1kg otto engine with 20% clearance has a
pressure of 100kpa, a temperature of 10C and a
volume of 0.3m3. Determine the Mep if the
pressure at the end of the constant volume heating
is 4000kPa.

a) 194kPa c) 189kPa
b) 190kPa d) 192kPa
59. The air in an otto engine is initially at
24psia, 140F and P2 = 460psia, using air
tables. What is the percentage clearance?

a) 15% c) 13%
b) 14% d) 12%
60. An Otto engine has a clearance volume
of 7%. It produces 300 kW of power . What
is the amount of heat rejected in kW?

a.) 170 c.) 152

b.)160 d.) 145
61. In an air standard Otto cycle, the
clearance volume is 18% of the
displacement volume. Find the thermal
efficiency.

a.) 0.52 c.) 0.53

b.) 0.55 d.) 0.60
62. The compression ratio of an ideal Otto
cycle is 6:1. Initial conditions are 101.3 kPa
and 20°C. Find the pressure and
temperature at the end of adiabatic
compression.

a.) 1244.5 kPa, 599.96 K

b.) 1244.5 kPa, 60°C
c.)1244.5 kPa, 60°C
d.) 1244.5 kPa, 599.96°C
63. An engine operates on the air-standard
Otto cycle. The cycle work is 1000 kj/kg.
What is the compression ratio of the engine
if the maximum cycle temperature is 3173
K and the temperature at the end of
isentropic compression is 773 K.

a.) 6.85 c.) 7.85

b.)8.85 d.) 9.85
64. The conditions at the beginning of
compression in an Otto engine operating on hot-
air standard with k=1.35 are 101.325 kPa, 0.05
m3 and 32°C. The clearance is 8% and 15 kJ are
added per cycle. Determine the mean effective
pressure.

a.) 323.97 kPa c.) 223.97

kPa
b .) 423.97 kPa d.) 523.97
kPa
65. The compression ratio of an Otto cycle
is 9. If the initial pressure is 150 kPa,
determine the final pressure.

a.) 1251.10 kPa

b.) 2251.10 kPa
c.) 4251.10 kPa
d.) 3251.10 kPa
66. In an Otto cycle if the compression ratio
is 5.5, what is the percent clearance?

a.) 22.22%
b.) 19.64%
c.) 31.11%
d.) 25.34%
67. The efficiency of an Otto engine is 55%
and the stroke volume is 35 liters. If the heat
added at the beginning of the combustion is
12.6 kJ, calculate the mean effective
pressure.

a.) 194 kPa c.) 198 kPa

b.) 188 kPa d.) 184 kPa
68. The air is compressed to 1/5 of its
original volume in an Otto cycle. What is
the final temperature of the air if the initial
temperature is 25°C.

a.) 288.58°C
b.) 255.66°C
c.) 288.58°C
d.) 355.66°C
69. An Otto cycle operates 1 kg of air from
101.325 kPa and 25°C at the beginning of
compression. If the clearance is 15%. Find
the temperature at the end of compression.

a.) 300°C
b.) 450.01°C
c.) 400°C
d.) 350.01°C
 
70. The efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle is
40%. What is the hot-air value o k, if the
compression ratio is 6.2?

a.) 1.28 c.) 1.25

b.) 1.38 d.) 1.35
71. What is the clearance of an ideal Otto
cycle if the efficiency is 40% and k = 1.3?

a.) 20.24% c.) 10.24%

b.) 22.27% d.) 12.27%
72. An Otto cycle operates a 0.5 lb/s of air
from 15psia and 150°F. at the beginning of
compression. The compression ratio is 4.3;
hot air standard k = 1.3. Determine the
volume at the of compression.

a.) 2.75 ft3/s c.) 3.75 ft3/s

b.) 1.75 ft3/s d.) 4.75 ft3/s
73. In an air-standard Otto cycle, air enters
104.7 kPa and 27°C. The compression ratio
is 7:1. If the net work of the cycle is 120
kJ/kg. Calculate the heat supplied in kJ/kg?

a.) 221.88 kJ/kg c.) 188.22 kJ/kg

b.) 122.88 kJ/k d.) 288.12 kJ/kg
74. Calculate the thermal efficiency and
compression ratio for an automobile working on
Otto cycle. If the energy generated per cycle is
thrice that of rejected during the exhaust.
Consider working fluid as an ideal gas with k =
1.4.

a. 69.67%, 13.38   c. 66.67%, 15.38  

b. 61.67%, 12.38   d. 56.67%, 11.38  
75. An engine of 250 mm bore and 375 mm
stroke works on Otto cycle. The clearance volume
is 0.00263 m3. The initial pressure and
temperature are 1 bar and 50oC. If the maximum
pressure is limited to 25 bar. Find:
The air standard efficiency of the cycle & the
mean effective pressure for the cycle.
 
a.. 46.57%, 9.87 bar c. 56.57%, 1.87 bar
b. 50.57%, 4.87 bar d. 59.57%, 8.87 bar 
76. In an Otto cycle, the air at the beginning of isentropic
compression is at 1 bar and 15oc, The ratio of
compression is 8. If the heat is added during the constant
volume process is 1000 kJ/kg. Determine:
 
(A)The maximum temperature in the cycle 2056 K
(B)The air standard efficiency 56.5%
(C)The work done per kg of air, and565 kJ/kg
(D)The heat rejected 435 kJ/kg
 
a. 2156 K, 56.5%, 555 kJ/kg, 465 kJ/kg
b. 2256 K, 56.5%, 565 kJ/kg, 435 kJ/kg
c. 2356 K, 56.5%, 575 kJ/kg, 435 kJ/kg
d. 2056 K, 56.5%, 565 kJ/kg, 435 kJ/kg
77. The air at the beginning of compression in an
ideal explosion cycle is at 14 psia, 110 °F. The
engine with a clearance volume of 0.8 ft3 /sec
operates on 0.5 lb/sec of air. Find the ideal
thermal efficiency.

a. etc = 59.23%
b. etc = 69.32%
c. etc =79.23%
d. etc = 49.32%
78. A man wishes to buy an Otto engine for his
car. Engine A operates ideally on cold air with
15% clearance. Another engine, Engine B,
operates ideally with 25% clearance and with
specific heat ratio of 1.5. Which of two engines
must he buy?

a. Engine A
b. Engine B
c. Both
d. Neither of the two
79. Given that in an ideal Otto engine, the specific
heat ratio is 1.32 and the compression ratio is 19.
It uses 16 lb of air per 1 lb of fuel with a lower
heating value of 20 000 BTU per lb of fuel. Solve
for the heat involved during the first constant
volume process.

a. QA = 1250 BTU/lba
b. QA = 1938 BTU/lba
c. QA = 1630 BTU/lba
d. QA = 1563 BTU/lba
80. From the previous problem, Solve for the heat
involved during the last constant volume process.

a. QR = 582.51 BTU/lba
b. QR = 764.98 BTU/lba
c. QR = 392.67 BTU/lba
d. QR = 487.20 BTU/lba
81. An ideal explosion cycle that uses 0.75 lb/sec
of air operates from the suction condition of 567
°R. The pressure and compression ratio are 1.6
and 16, respectively. Using the air properties in
item B1, determine the total work developed in
horsepower.

a. WNET = 125.687 hp
b. WNET = 215.786 hp
c. WNET = 512.687 hp
d. WNET = 152.786 hp
82. An ideal Otto cycle operates with rk = 14
and rp = 1.75. It uses 60 lb/min of air and
has a total work of 146 kW. Using item B1,
find the temperature at the beginning of
isentropic compression.

a. T1 = 583.51 °R
b. T1 = 385.51 °R
c. T1 = 511.51 °R
d. T1 = 574.51 °R
83. For an Explosion cycle with a clearance
of 14%, the air has a suction condition of P1
= 98 kPaa and t1 = 110°F. What is the
compression ratio of the cycle?

a. rk = 7.14
b. rk = 6.14
c. rk = 8.14
d. rk = 9.14
84. From the given data of the previous
problem, the volume of displacement is
6.14 ft3/s. Find the clearance volume.

a. V2 = 0.86 ft3 /s
b. V2 = 0.68 ft3 /s
c. V2 = 0.76 ft3 /s
d. V2 = 0.67 ft3 /s
85. What is the suction volume from the
previous problem?

a. V2 = 6 ft3 /s
b. V2 = 7 ft3 /s
c. V2 = 9 ft3 /s
d. V2 = 8 ft3 /s
86. Find the mass of air needed to operate
the system of the previous problem.

a. ma = 0.741 lba /s
b. ma = 0.571 lba /s
c. ma = 0.471 lba /s
d. ma = 0.715 lba /s
87. Based on the previous problem what is
the ideal thermal efficiency of the given
cycle?

a. etc = 77.53 %
b. etc = 56.77 %
c. etc = 58.99 %
d. etc = 67.35 %
88. If the engine uses 2.02 lb/min of fuel,
solve for the air-fuel ratio.

a. rf/a = 13.99 lba/lbf

b. rf/a = 15.99 lba/lbf
c. rf/a = 16.99 lba/lbf
d. rf/a = 12.99 lba/lbf
89. The fuel used has a lower heating value of 21 500
BTU per lb of fuel.
A. What is the heat (in BTU/min) involved during the first
constant volume process?
a. QA = 45 467.768 BTU/min
b. QA = 76 746.828 BTU/min
c. QA = 63 478.893 BTU/min
d. QA = 43 430.307 BTU/min

B. What is the total work produced?

a. Wnet = 52 478.837 BTU/min
b. Wnet = 24 655.385 BTU/min
c. W = 73 246.787 BTU/min
90. A single acting, two – cylinder, two –
stroke gasoline engine has cylinder
dimensions of 10.25 x 11.21 cm. What is
the volume of displacement if the engine
developed 1106 kW at 300 rpm?

a. VD = 0.925 m3/s
b. VD = 0.529 m3/s
c. VD = 0.725 m3/s
d. VD = 0.585 m3/s
91. If the indicated mean effective pressure
of the given gasoline engine is 765 kPa,
solve for the indicated work.

a. Wi = 567.432 kW
b. Wi = 707.625 kW
c. Wi = 983.432 kW
d. Wi = 586.625 kW
92. What is the volume at the beginning of
the isentropic expansion considering a
clearance of 16%?

a. V3 = 0.272 m3/s
b. V3 = 0.148 m3/s
c. V3 = 0.346 m3/s
d. V3 = 0.777 m3/s
93. State 1 of the problem above is defined
as 96 kPa and 38 °C. What is the volume at
this point?

a. V1 = 0.777 m3/s
b. V1 = 0.555 m3/s
c. V1 = 0.888 m3/s
d. V1 = 0.676 m3/s
94. Find the mass of air needed to operate
this engine.

a. ma = 0.953 kg/s
b. ma = 0.929 kg/s
c. ma = 0.835 kg/s
d. ma =0.879 kg/s
95. If the brake thermal efficiency of the
cycle above is 38.605%, solve for the heat
added during constant volume process.

a. QA = 6474.96 kW
b. QA = 8954.45 kW
c. QA = 2864.91 kW
d. QA = 3682.55 kW
 
96. For a specific heat ratio of 1.33, what is
the ideal thermal efficiency of the engine
mentioned above?

a. etC = 72.653 %
b. etC = 30.636 %
c. etC = 89.952 %
d. etC = 42.144 %