Electrical
Safety
1
In the next 45 min
We will refresh our knowledge about,
– Hazards related to electricity
– Shock & Factors affecting shock
– Shock protection measures
– Residual Current Circuit Breaker
– Site Specific Requirements
– Systems & Procedures related to
Electrical Safety
2
ELECTRIC SHOCK
It is sudden & accidental stimulation
of the human body’s nervous system
as a result of passage of electric
current
3
Primary Hazards
Electric shock
Electric fire & explosion
Electric flash
Electric burns
4
Secondary Hazards
Person falling from height
Dropping of tools & objects
Health hazards due to release of toxic
gas & production of UV rays
Psychological effects
5
How Shock Occurs
You will receive a shock if you touch two wires at
different voltages at the same time (Phase to
Phase, Phase to Neutral, Phase to Ground)
Flashover involving part of human body
6
By simultaneously touching the phase
and neutral conductor thus completing
the circuit through his body
ALTERNATOR
B
LOAD HAVING
METALLIC BODY
R
N
7
2. By touching the phase conductor and
standing on the ground
ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY
8
3. By touching a metallic part that has
become live by itself being in contact
with an energised wire
ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY
9
Amount of
Resistance
Current
Severity
of Shock
Path of Flow Voltage
10
Path of flow of current in
the Human Body
11
Body Resistance
Body area Resistance (ohms)
Dry skin 1,00,000 to
6,00,000
Wet skin 1000 to 5000
Internal body -
Hand foot 400 to 600
Ear to ear 12
Person
P in touch
POWER with
SOURCE
live wire
N
•I = V/R
= 230 / 100000 A (Dry Condition)
= 0.0023 A
= 2.3 mA
•I = 230 / 5000 (Wet Condition)
= 0.046 A
13
= 46 mA
Effect of Electric Current on
Human Body
EFFECT ON HUMAN –50Hz Amount of
Current
Shock, Let – go border line of painful <= 10 mA
shock, Muscles still under control >= 10 mA
Muscle control affected 15 mA
Breathing difficulties start 20 mA
Severe shock & possible death due to
rapid, uncoordinated series of 50 mA
contraction of heart muscles causing
irregular heart beat & possible death > 3 sec.
14
Voltage
Higher the voltage - Higher the
severity of shock.
15
16
Shock Protection
Measures
Isolation
Double insulation
Earthing
Over Current Protection Devices
Residual Current Protection
Devices
17
ISOLATION SWITCHES
The switches should be connected in phase
only
The switches should be easy and free to
operate
Body of the metallic switches should be
earthed
Every DB should be provided with a switch
It is advisable to keep switch as near as
possible to the work-place
18
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
FUSE
KITKAT TYPE
HRC TYPE
• Fuses are proven safety devices for
overload conditions
• Check the fuses for their current ratings
• Never replace fuse wire with ordinary
copper or aluminium wire
• High rupturable cartridge (HRC) fuses
are now a days easily available and has
advantages over traditional fuses
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 19
Double Insulation
•Another insulation added.
•Double insulated power tools have non-metallic
body
•Need not be earthed (two point plug is sufficient)
Insulation
Functional Protective
20
Double Insulation
Elec. Machine Elec. Machine
Metallic Body Nonconductive Body
SYMBOL FOR DOUBLE INSULATED MACHINES
21
Earthing
NEUTRAL EARTHING EQUIPMENT EARTHING
Two Distinct Equipment Earthing
22
RCCB WORKING PRINCIPLE
No fault Condition I1 = I2
Fault Condition I1 > I2 (I1 = I2 + IP)
T
Tripping Condition IP > 30 mA
EQUIPMENT
L
I1
I2 Ip
N
CORE BALANCE
CURRENT 23
TRANSFORMER
RCCB & RCBO
IS 12640 - Part 1, 2000
Residual current operated circuit breakers. Part 1: Circuit breakers
without integral over current protection. ( RCCBs) (First Revision)
IS 12640 - Part 2, 2001
Residual current operated circuit breakers for house hold and similar
uses - Part 2: Circuit breakers with integral over current protection.
( RCBOs) (First Revision) 24
RCCB (RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER)
25
Residual Current Circuit
Breaker
Standard Specification, 30 mA sensitivity ,
63Amps, 4 poles.
Testing procedure
Testing the sensitivity
Test the RCCB weekly and record it.
26
Typical Sub Distribution Board
ELCB
63 A
30 mA
27
HAND LAMPS
Protect from contact and damage, 24V hand
lamps are to be used.To be enclosed by
glass surrounded by metal wire mesh
28
Portable
Power Tools
29
Colour coding of Cables
Single phase supply
– Phase - red
– Neutral - black
– Earth - green
Three phase supply
– Phases
Red
Yellow
Blue
– Neutral - black 30
Cable Joints
Staggered joints
CABLE 1
3/4” 3/4” 3/4” 3/4”
CABLE 2
– Joints are not to be overlapped
– One primary insulation and an overall
secondary insulation is to be done
– Proper insulation tape are to be used
Jointing kit 31
Lockout and Tagging of Circuits
Apply locks to power source
after de-energizing
Tag deactivated controls
Tag de-energized
equipment and circuits at
all points where they can be
energized
Tags must identify
equipment or circuits being
worked on 32
Registers & Procedures
Weekly RCCB check register
Lockout / Tagout
Permit system
33
Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist
Tripped circuit breakers or
blown fuses
Warm tools, wires, cords,
connections, or junction
boxes
Frequent tripping of RCCB
Worn or frayed insulation
around wire or connection
34
Discussion
35
Thank You
36
