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Denim: Presented By:-Ashok Kumar Naresh Kumar

The document discusses the history and production process of denim fabric. It notes that denim originated from Nimes, France and Genoa, Italy and was popularized by Levi Strauss & Co. in the US. The traditional process involves indigo dyeing the warp yarns and weaving them with undyed weft yarns in a twill pattern. After weaving, denim undergoes finishing processes like stone washing or enzyme washing to create different looks. Modern denim production aims to be more environmentally friendly while still creating durable, long-lasting fabrics for clothing and home goods.

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482 views

Denim: Presented By:-Ashok Kumar Naresh Kumar

The document discusses the history and production process of denim fabric. It notes that denim originated from Nimes, France and Genoa, Italy and was popularized by Levi Strauss & Co. in the US. The traditional process involves indigo dyeing the warp yarns and weaving them with undyed weft yarns in a twill pattern. After weaving, denim undergoes finishing processes like stone washing or enzyme washing to create different looks. Modern denim production aims to be more environmentally friendly while still creating durable, long-lasting fabrics for clothing and home goods.

Uploaded by

knishant8
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Denim

Presented By:-
Ashok Kumar
Naresh Kumar
1
Introduction
 Warp-faced twill fabric.

 Made from :-
Dyed Warp
Undyed Weft

 Traditionally, the warp yarn is Indigo dyed.

2
History
The term “Denim” comes from the city of Nimes in
France.

 The contemporary use comes from the French word


for Genoa, Italy (Gênes ).

Levi Strauss & Co. and his contribution.

American Fabrics magazine declared Denim as


world’s oldest fabrics in 1969.

3
Characteristics

 Long wearing.

 Hard wearing.

 Strong and Durable.

Creases easily.

4
Uses

In apparel In home furnishings


 jeans  Bedspreads
 skirts   slipcovers
 shorts  draperies
 light-weight jackets
and suits
 uniforms
 work-cloths sportswear
 caps

5
Some important types of Denims

 Cotton Serge or Organic Denim


The traditional denim is 100 percent cotton
serge.

 Raw Denim
Raw denim is dark, unwashed fabric that is stiff.

 Selvage Denim
The premium type of raw denim with tight
weaving and natural edges; more expensive than
other raw denim.
6
Stretch Denim
The blend which usually includes 2 or 3
percent Spandex material.

Bull Denim
Undyed fabric, soft to the touch, heavier, more
durable and long lasting.

Silk Denim
Blend of silk and denim gives the fabric- beauty,
softness and durability.
7
Spinning Process

Opening and Blending of cotton fibres.

Carding is done to remove any impurities and the short


fibres so that cotton takes the form of a web.

Then drawing process produces a single, uniform sliver


from a number of carded slivers.

8
Weaving

 The weaving process interlaces the warp, indigo


dyed yarn and the weft.
 They are twill weaved.
 The weft thread is inserted between two layers of
warp sheets
 Machine motions :
 1. Picking,
 2. Beating,
 3. warp let off,
 4. Fabric take-up

9
Finishing
After weaving, fabric goes for finishing
processes which includes-

Brushing and singeing

Dressing

Making up

10
Objective

 To study the processes of denim washing.


Sub-objective
 To study Chemical washes.
 To study Mechanical washes.

11
Denim Washing

 1. Chemical washes
Denim bleaching
Enzyme wash
Acid wash

 2. Mechanical washes
Stone wash
Sand blasting

12
Chemical washes
Denim bleach
Strong oxidative(KMnO4) bleaching agent is added.
Limitations
Difficult to control.
Cause severe environmental pollution.
Harmful to human health

13
Enzyme wash
It is environmentally friendly wash.
Use of cellulose making the seams, hems and pockets
more noticeable.
Salt pepper effect occurs.

Acid Wash
It is done in a solution of sodium hypochlorite or potassium
permanganate.
Limitations
Tendency to get yellow.

14
 Mechanical Wash
 Stone Wash
 Freshly dyed jeans are tumbled with pumice stones.

 Limitations
 Quality of the abrasion process is difficult to control.
 Outcome of a load of jeans is never uniform.

15
Stones used in Stone Washing

16
Sand blasting

 Based on blasting material in granular,


powdered or other form through a nozzle at very
high speed.

 It is a water free process therefore no drying


required.

17
Recent Developments

 Denim Processing & Finishing in


Environmentally Friendly way.

 Kurabo Earth Denim – Making easy Money


From Waste.

 New sulphur dyes to improve colour fastness


on denim.

18
Denim Brands

 Diesel
 Armani Jeans
 Levi Strauss & Co.
 Wrangler
 Spykar
 Flying Machine

19
Conclusions

 Enzyme washing are widely used.

 Environmentally friendly denims are


developing.

 Denims are long lasting fabric.

20
Methodology

 Qualitative research.

 Secondary data base.

 Study in Jodhpur.

21
References

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denim

 http://catalogs.indiamart.com/products/denim-fabric.html

 http://www.denverfabrics.com/pages/static/denim/denim.html

 http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/denim2.html
 
 http://www.indianyellowpages.com/india/manufacturers/d/denim.htm

 http://www.denim.in.th/
 

22
Thank You

23

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