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Week - 1 Introduction

The document provides a history of the development of the internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET in the 1960s evolved into today's internet using packet switching. The internet was initially limited to universities but expanded. Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989 to allow sharing of multimedia documents via hyperlinks. He created HTML and HTTP to form the backbone. The W3C was founded to develop open web standards. The web has evolved from a read-only Web 1.0 to a participatory Web 2.0 where users help create and organize content. Web 3.0 aims to make the web more personalized and intelligent using semantic technologies.

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26 views

Week - 1 Introduction

The document provides a history of the development of the internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET in the 1960s evolved into today's internet using packet switching. The internet was initially limited to universities but expanded. Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989 to allow sharing of multimedia documents via hyperlinks. He created HTML and HTTP to form the backbone. The W3C was founded to develop open web standards. The web has evolved from a read-only Web 1.0 to a participatory Web 2.0 where users help create and organize content. Web 3.0 aims to make the web more personalized and intelligent using semantic technologies.

Uploaded by

arunkorath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BNS-2353

Web and Multimedia


Week 1
Introduction to the World Wide Web:
• ARPANET- 1960s- founded by ARPA(Advanced Research Projects
Agency) – used for email communication of documents- later evolved
as today’s Internet. – used telephone lines – 56Kbps speed.
• Used packet switching concept where data is sent as packets- with
packet header, error information, sequencing information.
• Packets from different senders were intermixed on the same lines.
This packet-switching technique greatly reduced transmission costs,
as compared with the cost of dedicated communications lines.
• Protocols used in ARPANET was called as TCP
Initial internet
• was limited to universities
• Universities created their own network, then they communicated with
other universities/research institutions, then Defense started using
internet.
• As the Internet evolved, organizations worldwide were implementing their
own networks for both intraorganization (i.e., within the organization) and
interorganization (i.e., between organizations) communications.
• Concept of IP address came to help identifying lot of nodes. Creating
network of networks
• TCP/IP became the protocol for internet.
History continued
• Lot of people started investing on the hardware and software of
internet .
• In order to provide better service- the term Bandwidth evolved.
What is the World-Wide Web?
• The basic idea of WWW is to merge the techniques of computer
networking and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global
information system.
• Hypertext is text with links to further information, on the model of
references in a scientific paper or cross-references is a dictionary. With
electronic documents, these cross-references can be followed by a
mouse-click, and with the World-Wide Web, they can be anywhere in the
world.
• WWW is "seamless" in the sense that a user can see the whole Web of
information as one vast hypertext document. There is no need to know
where information is stored, or any details of its format or organisation.
WWW
• www- World Wide Web was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners Lee-from CERN
( Center to Nuclear research)
• The World Wide Web allows computer users, to locate and view multimedia-
based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.
• Lee began to develop a technology for sharing information via hyperlinked text
documents. Berners-Lee called his invention the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML).
• He also wrote communication protocols to form the backbone of his new
information system, which he called the World Wide Web.
• In particular, he wrote the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—a
communications protocol used to send information over the web.
• Web use exploded with the availability in 1993 of the Mosaic browser, which
featured a user-friendly graphical interface.
• Marc Andreessen, whose team at NCSA developed Mosaic, went on to found
Netscape, the company that many people credit with initiating the explosive
Internet economy of the late 1990s
W3C -World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

• Is an Organization founded by Tim Berners lee


• It is devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the
World Wide Web.
• One of the W3C’s primary goals is to make the web universally accessible—
regardless of ability, language or culture.
• The W3C home page (www.w3.org) provides extensive resources on Internet and
web technologies.
• The W3C is also a standardization organization.
• Web technologies standardized by the W3C are called Recommendations.
• W3C Recommendations include the
• Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML),
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS),
• HyperText Markup Language (HTML—now considered a “legacy” technology)
• and the Extensible Markup Language (XML).
• A recommendation is not an actual software product, but a document that
specifies a technology’s role, syntax rules and so forth.
Growth of Web
• Web 1.0 (the state of the web through the 1990s and early 2000s)
• focused on a relatively small number of companies and advertisers producing
content for users to access (some people called it the “brochure web”).
• Like lecturing
• Web 2.0 -involves the user—
• not only is the content often created by the users, but users help organize it, share
it, remix it, critique it, update it, etc.
• Like a conversation
• Web 2.0 is providing new opportunities and connecting people and content in
unique ways.
• Web 2.0 embraces an architecture of participation—a design that encourages user
interaction and community contribution
Web 2.0 continued
• Using collective intelligence—the concept that a large diverse group
of people will create smart ideas
• Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) are being developed using
technologies (such as Ajax) that have the look and feel of desktop
software, enhancing a user’s overall experience.
• Software as a Service (SaaS)—software that runs on a server instead
of a local computer—has also gained prominence because of
sophisticated new technologies and increased broadband Internet
access
Web 2.0
• Search engines-
• Social media, tagging- to locate information,
• Web services- light weight business models- helps to develop business
with less investments.
Difference between each version of web
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0
Mostly Read-Only Wildly Read-Write Portable and Personal

Company Focus Community Focus Individual Focus

WebForms Web Applications Smart Applications

Directories Tagging User Behaviour

Banner Advertising Interactive Advertising Behavioural Advertising

Britannica Online Wikipedia The Semantic Web

HTML/Portals XML / RSS (RDF Site Summary) RDF / RDFS / OWL Resource Description Framework /
RDFS- language OWL- Web Ontology language
Web 4.0
• It is about the interaction between man and machine
• The line between them is blurred
• Internet uses artificial intelligence to continuously improve the quality
• Internet communicates with people, same was as how another man
will communicate
• High speed and connectivity, reliability is provided.

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