BASIC TO ADVANCED
NETWORKING
TUTORIALS
PRESENTED BY-:
VARINDER SINGH WALIA
SOME BASICS
OF
NETWORKING
TOPOLOGY
Topology is the structural design of communication model depicted physically or logically .
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, including device location and cable
installation
Example: LAN has one or more physical links to other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links
results in a geometric shape that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network.
LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
ICMP – INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL
Used to communicate between two devices . Ping command help in implementation of
ICMP
IPx/SPx - INTERNET PACKET EXCHANGE / SEQUENCE PACKET EXCHANGE
Developed by Novell company for LAN and MAN
NET- Bios - Network Basic Input / Output System
It is a program that allows applications on different computers to communicate within a
local area network (LAN).
It was created by IBM for its early PC Network, was adopted by Microsoft, and has since
become a de facto industry standard.
Nwlink IPx/ SPx
NWLink packages data to be compatible with client/server services on NetWare Networks.
SMTP – SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOLS
It is used for electronic mailing
POP3 - POST OFFICE PROTOCOL 3
It is the most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail.
POP3 is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet
server.
FTP - FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
It is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files between a client and server
on a computer network.
TFTP – TRIVIAL FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
It is an Internet software utility for transferring files that is simpler to use than the File
Transfer Protocol but less capable.
It is used where user authentication and directory visibility are not required.
It is used as backup to recovery files
HTTP – HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
It is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
It is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text
HTTP functions as a request–response protocol in the client–server computing model.
HTTPS – HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE
It is advanced version of http
DHCP – DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
It is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol host with its IP
address and other related configuration information such as the Subnet Mask and Default
Gateway.
TELNET-
It is an application layer protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a
bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal
connection
SSH – SECURE SHELL PROTOCOL
It is used for security purpose like authentication for username , password etc.
ARP – ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL
It is a protocol used by the Internet Protocol to map IP network addresses to the hardware
addresses used by a data link protocol
RARP – REVERSE ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL
It is used to convert MAC address to IP address
ADVANCED
NETWORKING
ROUTER
It is a route device which defines router of data
It reads the packet and filter them
It works on IP address network
It manages all traffic inside the routing
Here we are dealing with ROUTER 2811
SWITCH
Switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer
network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the
destination device.
Here we are going to deal with SWITCH 2960-24T
IP ADDRESSING and SUBNETTING
IP ADDRESSING
Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device
(e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet
Protocol for communication.
Types of IP address
IPv4 – Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6
SUBNETTING
It is process of dividation of IPs into subparts.
We require subnetting in order to reduce the cost
Example: Suppose we want to buy 100 IPs and each having cost of 260
=> Total Cost = 260 *100=> 26000
But through subnetting we need only single IP which is divided through subnetting into
different IPs as below:
Example: 192.168.1.0 Main IP
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3 and so on……………
CONCEPT OF CLASSES
There are five types of classes namely A,B,C,D,E described below.
But in Practical Networking we prefer CLASS C only.
S.N CLASS NETWORK HOST RANGE SUBNET WILDMASK
O BIT BIT
1 A 8 24 1-126 255.0.0.0 0.255.2555.255
2 B 16 16 128-191 255.255.0.0 0.0.255.255
3 C 24 8 192-223 255.255.255. 0.0.0.255
0
4 D BROADCAST 224-239
5 E RESEARCH 240-255
CORPS INFORMATION SYSTEM CONTROL OFFICER
(CISCO)
Cisco Systems is an American multinational technology company headquartered
in San Jose, California, that designs, manufactures and sells networking equipment.
It is considered to be the biggest networking company in the world.
It is a MNC which deals in Networking Hardware Devices.
It provides three certifications
CCNA – CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE/ADMINISTRATOR
CCNP – CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK PROFESSIONAL
CCIE – CISCO CERTIFIED INTERNETWORK EXPERT
NOTE: Here we are going to deal with CCNA
CISCO CERTIFIED
NETWORK
ADMINISTRATOR/ ASSOCIATE
(CCNA)
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