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UNIX Shell Script

This document provides information about Unix, Linux, and shell scripting. It discusses that Unix and Linux are both operating systems, with Unix being commercial and Linux being open-source. It also explains that shell scripts allow users to write programs to execute commands and manipulate files, with shells like Bash interpreting these scripts. Key elements like variables, arrays, and basic operators are described to demonstrate shell script functionality.

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Priyanka
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135 views

UNIX Shell Script

This document provides information about Unix, Linux, and shell scripting. It discusses that Unix and Linux are both operating systems, with Unix being commercial and Linux being open-source. It also explains that shell scripts allow users to write programs to execute commands and manipulate files, with shells like Bash interpreting these scripts. Key elements like variables, arrays, and basic operators are described to demonstrate shell script functionality.

Uploaded by

Priyanka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unix

• Unix is also an operating system like Linux. It is an


commercial OS.

• It consists of three parts: Kernal, Shell and Programs.

• Most of the Unix and Linux commands are similar in nature.

• Users communicate with the kernel through a program


known as the shell.

• The shell is a command line interpreter; it translates


commands entered by the user and converts them into a
language that is understood by the kernel.
Linux
• Linux is an open-source operating system like other operating
systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, iOS,
Google android, etc.

• Linux is around us since the mid-90s.

• It can be used from wristwatches to supercomputers.

• It is everywhere in our phones, laptops, PCs, cars and even in


refrigerators.

• It is very much famous among developers and normal


computer users.
Language used to develop Unix & Linux

• The very first version of Unix was written in Assembly


Language in the year 1969 and it was not until 1972 that
Unix was rewritten in C (K&R C to be precise), with some
parts still in Assembly.

• The reason for the persistent Assembly code was not the
inability of C but the inability of machines and compilers
of that time; compilers were bad at optimization and
even a mini-second gained by using Assembly meant a
thing.
Why use Linux?
• Linux may be a perfect operating system if you want to
get rid of viruses, malware, slowdowns, crashes, costly
repairs, and many more.

• Further, it provides various advantages over other


operating systems, and we don't have to pay for it.

• Favorable choice of Developers

• A flexible operating system


• A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by
the Unix/Linux shell which could be one of the following:

• The Bourne Shell


• The C Shell
• The Korn Shell
• The GNU Bourne-Again Shell

• A shell is a command-line interpreter and typical


operations performed by shell scripts include file
manipulation, program execution, and printing text.
• The shell is, after all, a real programming language,
complete with variables, control structures, and so
forth.

• No matter how complicated a script gets, it is still just a


list of commands executed sequentially.
# Script follows here:
echo "What is your name?"
read PERSON
echo "Hello, $PERSON"

sample run of the script −


$./test.sh
What is your name?
Zara Ali
Hello, Zara Ali
$
What is Shells?
• A Shell provides you with an interface to the Unix system.

• It gathers input from you and executes programs based on that


input.

• When a program finishes executing, it displays that program's


output.
• Shell is an environment in which we can run our commands,
programs, and shell scripts.

• There are different flavors of a shell, just as there are different


flavors of operating systems.

• Each flavor of shell has its own set of recognized commands and
functions.
Using Shell Variables
• Variable Names
• The name of a variable can contain only letters (a to z or A
to Z), numbers ( 0 to 9) or the underscore character ( _).
• By convention, Unix shell variables will have their names in
UPPERCASE

• NAME="Zara Ali"
• echo $NAME

• The above script will produce the following value −


• Zara Ali
Special Variables
#!/bin/sh
echo "File Name: $0"
echo "First Parameter : $1"
echo "Second Parameter : $2"
echo "Quoted Values: $@"
echo "Quoted Values: $*"
echo "Total Number of Parameters : $#"
sample run for the above script −
$./test.sh Zara Ali
File Name : ./test.sh
First Parameter : Zara
Second Parameter : Ali
Quoted Values: Zara Ali
Quoted Values: Zara Ali
Total Number of Parameters : 2
Using Shell Arrays
• Shell supports a different type of variable called an array
variable. This can hold multiple values at the same time.

• Arrays provide a method of grouping a set of variables.


Instead of creating a new name for each variable that is
required, you can use a single array variable that stores
all the other variables.

• All the naming rules discussed for Shell Variables would


be applicable while naming arrays.
NAME[0]="Zara"
NAME[1]="Qadir"
NAME[2]="Mahnaz"
NAME[3]="Ayan"
NAME[4]="Daisy"
echo "First Index: ${NAME[0]}"
echo "Second Index: ${NAME[1]}"

$./test.sh
First Index: Zara
Second Index: Qadir
#!/bin/sh
NAME[0]="Zara"
NAME[1]="Qadir"
NAME[2]="Mahnaz"
NAME[3]="Ayan"
NAME[4]="Daisy"
echo "First Method: ${NAME[*]}"
echo "Second Method: ${NAME[@]}"

$./test.sh
First Method: Zara Qadir Mahnaz Ayan Daisy
Second Method: Zara Qadir Mahnaz
Shell Basic Operators
• There are various operators supported by each shell.

• Basic operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Boolean Operators
• String Operators
• File Test Operators
#!/bin/sh
val=`expr 2 + 2`
echo "Total value : $val"

Total value : 4

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