Retrospective Study On The Use Of Anaesthesia Zoletil® And

Ketamine-Xylazine In Rabbit and Hedgehog

In Anis
Peninsular Malaysia: A 8 Years Study
Aishah Binti Mohd Rozali and Vellayan Subramaniam*
Department Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor,
42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract Result and Discussion
• Dose of KTH+XZH and ZOLETIL
This research was a retrospective study on the use of an 50® had weak positive correlation
anaesthetic agent like KTH-XZH and Zoletil®50 in rabbit Time of effect
with time of effect.
and hedgehog. As mortality rate of anaesthesia in an exotic KTH +XZH r = 0.431
• The correlations were significant
mammal are high. The exotic mammals that included in p = 0.001
between dose of KTM- XZH and
this study were rabbits and hedgehog. Data were retrieved time of effect (p<0.01), but not
from existing anaesthesia records from 2010 to 2019 from Dose significant between dose of
Zoletil® 50 and time of effect
Exotic Animal Veterinary Practice Taman Melawati, Kuala **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). (p>0.05).
ZOLETIL r = 0.174
Lumpur. Total of 62 rabbits and 24 hedgehogs were
50® p = 0.0.358 • Dose of ketamine+xylazine and
involved in this study. The effects of variables such as body Effect of anaesthesia
ZOLETIL 50® had weak positive
weight, sex, health status, and fasting time on dose r = 0.269 correlation with effect of
selection were evaluated. From variables studied, only KTH+XZH p = 0.047 anaesthesia.
correlation between weight and dose of the drug had a Dose ZOLETIL r = 0.312 • The correlations are not significant
significant effect (p= 0.016). Dose of KTH- XZH and 50® p = 0.093 (p>0.05).
Zoletil50® had a weak positive correlation with time of
effect (rketamine+ rxylazine=0.431) and (rzoletil® 50 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). • Dose had a weak, positive
=0.174). This mean, when the dose of the drug increase, correlation with weight r= 0.187.
Weight Positive correlations mean that
the time of effect increased. The correlations were
r = 0.187 when the weight of exotic mammal
significant between dose of KTM- XZH and time of effect Dose of drug
p = 0.0.16 increased, the dose of drugs
(p<0.01), but not significant between dose of Zoletil®50 required also increased. The
and time of effect (p>0.05). Similar findings were observed **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). correlation between dose and
for effect of anaesthesia (rketamine+rxylazine=0.269) and *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). weight were significant (p<0.05 and
(rzoletil®50=0.312). However, their correlations were not p<0.01).
significant (p>0.05). Thus, it is important to determine the Sig.(2-
Type Std.
weight of the exotic mammal so the drug administered was
sufficient enough to produce the desired anaesthetic effect. of Animal Gender Mean Deviation tailed)

Rabbi Male 0:09 0:03 0.050

Introduction t Female
0:11 0:07
 

• Chemical immobilization was the restriction of movement of an

animal through the use of drug. It was commonly used for the surgical Total 0:10 0:05  
or medical procedure where immobilization was required . These
exotic mammals required good restraint and medical care. This Hedg Male 0:07 0:03 0.080
animal species should be put under anaesthesia for medical diagnostic
and other surgical procedure (Kirk, W., & Dipl, D. (2007). Anaesthesia hog Female  
0:09 0:03
is the administration of drugs given by injection whether
Recovery Rating
intravenously and intramuscularly. They will give temporarily induces
loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness to the animal Total 0:08 0:03  
who undergoes anaesthesia. . Female exotic mammal required longer time (rabbit:0.11 minutes and hedgehog:0.09
• The anaesthetic drug that uses to the exotic mammal in data that has
minutes) to show a pronounce effect than male (0.09 and 0.07 minutes). However, the
been collect was ketamine hydrochloride with xylazine and different of time of effect between male and female feline was not significant (p>0.05).
tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil) .
• The exotic mammal that includes in this study is rabbits and,
hedgehog. As, only this two exotic mammal that have appropriate
number of anaesthetic form data to be analyse

Conclusions
Objective
• There was a positive correlation between dose and effect of anaesthesia but the
I .To determine the efficacy of different anaesthetic drug used based on the correlations were not significant (p>0.05).
onset of action and their recovery rate. • Dose and time of effect had a weak, positive correlation. Positive correlation indicates
ii. To compare the effect of variables on dosage selection of anaesthesia to a that when the dose increased, the time of effect were also increased. This was due to the
different type of exotic mammals such as rabbit and , hedgehog.. administration of supplemental dose which make the time of effect increased.
iii. To determine the relationship between the dose of drug used and time of • Dose had a significant weak, positive correlation with weight r= 0.187. Positive
effect of different route of administration. correlations mean that when the weight of exotic mammal increased, the dose of drugs
iv. To determine the relationship between the effect and dose of anaesthetic required also increased. The correlation between dose and weight were significant (p<0.05
agent use in exotic animals. and p<0.01).
• Health status, and fasting time do not have significant effect on dose .

Methodology
Acknowledgement
The use of I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Vellayan
The data were
Anesthetic KTM+XYZ ,Keta Subramaniam for his kind support and guidance given to me throughout the study.
retrieved
data was mine and
Exotic Animal
collected for 8 Zoletil® in exotic
Veterinar mammal will be
years of period
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