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Databases in Organisations

The document discusses databases in organizations and their importance. It covers: 1) How data is an organization's second most important asset after human capital and how organizations rely on correct data for operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. 2) Stakeholders need information at the right time, right place, and from the right person. Successful decision making at any level depends on this. 3) Databases allow for centralized data storage and updating, ensuring all stakeholders access consistent information.

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Ferry Kemperman
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67 views

Databases in Organisations

The document discusses databases in organizations and their importance. It covers: 1) How data is an organization's second most important asset after human capital and how organizations rely on correct data for operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. 2) Stakeholders need information at the right time, right place, and from the right person. Successful decision making at any level depends on this. 3) Databases allow for centralized data storage and updating, ensuring all stakeholders access consistent information.

Uploaded by

Ferry Kemperman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DAT A B A S E S I N

ORGANI Z A T I O N S
E SC HOO L – 20 1 9- 2020
N ANJ ING F ORE IGN L ANGUAG
FERRY KEMPERMAN –
DATABASES IN ORGANIZATIONS
• AFTER HUMAN CAPITAL, DATA IS AN ORGANIZATION’S MOST IMPORTANT ASSET.
• ORGANIZATIONS RELY ON CORRECT INFORMATION DERIVED FROM DATA FOR
OPERATIONAL, TACTIC AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND DECISIONS.
• STAKEHOLDERS RELY ON THE DATA BEING INTEGER, CONSISTENT
• INFORMATION NEED BY STAKEHOLDERS HAVE THREE DIMENSIONS:
• RIGHT PERSON, RIGHT TIME, RIGHT PLACE (JIT – JUST IN TIME)
• SUCCCESFUL DECISION MAKING AT ANY LEVEL IN THE ORGANIZATION DEPENDS ON JIT.
DECISION MAKING
OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT: (DAY-TO-DAY)

• ACTION: ACCOUNTANCY DEPARTMENT SENDS REMINDERS TO CUSTOMERS WHO HAVEN’T PAID LAST WEEK
• DECISION: ABIDE CREDIBILITY POLICIES FOR CUSTOMERS
• INFORMATION USED: PAYMENT RECORDS OF CUSTOMERS INVOLVED, SALES INVOLVED, PARTIAL PAYMENTS DONE ON ORDERS

TACTICAL MANAGEMENT: (MID TERM DECISIONS)

• ACTION: PRODUCT MANAGER CALLS SUPPLIER X TO ORDER 50 CRATES OF CABLES TO ITS WAREHOUSE.
• DECISION: KEEPING MORE STOCKS ON CABLES IN ORDER TO KEEP STOCK ALIGNED WITH DEMAND
• INFORMATION USED: STOCK FIGURES ON CABLES, TURN OVER RATES, SALES LAST FEW MONTHS

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: (LONG TERM DECISIONS)

• ACTION: OPENING A SECOND BRANCH IN A DIFFERENT CITY TO COORDINATE SUPPLIES IN THE SHANGHAI AREA
• DECISION: EXPANDING LOGISTICS IN A PROMISING NEW SERVICE AREA (SHANGHAI)
• INFORMATION USED: SALES TRENDS OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS, MIGRATION FIGURES OF TARGET GROUPS (POTENTIAL BUYERS), DISPOSABLE
INCOME OF THAT TARGET GROUP (PEOPLE MAKING MORE MONEY, HAVE MORE TO SPEND!)
DISCLOSING INFORMATION:
DASHBOARDS & REPORTS
DASHBOARDS: STRATEGIC INFORMATION
 Dashboards are used
 Senior and middle mgt

 Dashboard are
disclosing information
based on:
 Trends
 Aggregated data
 Statistical data
 Spread

 E.g. revenue in time


 Largest sales/region
 Customers with the
largest order
 Avg. order value
REPORTS: OPERATIONAL & TACTICAL
INFORMATION
• REPORTS ARE DOCUMENTS GENERATED BASED ON THE INFORMATION DISCLOSED FROM THE DATABASE
IN ORDER TO:

• MAKE DAILY DECISION (OPERATIONAL)


• MAKE MID-TERM DECISIONS (TACTICAL)
• REPORTS CAN BE: ORDER FORMS, INVOICES, PRODUCT SPECIFICATION LIST, STOCK LISTS, PAYMENT
SLIPS, INVENTORY LIST, GRADE REPORT CARD, STUDENT CLASS LIST, TEACHER TIME TABLE.

• A REPORT IS ALWAYS A CUSTOMIZED AND NICELY FORMATTED PRINT OF DATA FROM A DATABASE!
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS (DFD)
ADVANTAGES OF DATABASES
• CENTRALIZED STORAGE AND UPDATING OF DATASET
• ALL STAKEHOLDERS USE THE SAME DATASET AND THEREFOR THERE IS NO INCONSISTENCY IN THE INFORMATION
THAT THE STAKEHOLDERS DISCLOSE FROM THE DATABASE.

• YOU MAKE A RESERVATION FOR A HOTEL ONLINE.


• YOU PRINT THE BOOKING.
• YOU SHOW UP AT THE HOTEL AT THE RIGHT DATE.
• THE HOTEL RECEPTIONIST CAN FIND YOUR BOOKING WITH THE UNIQUE BOOKING NUMBER, YOUR NAME, NUMBER OF
NIGHTS AND ROOM TYPE BY CHECKING THE SAME DATABASE.
DATA SECURITY
• DATA SECURITY IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE TO KEEP THE DATASET CONSISTENT AND INTEGER.
• THERE ARE MULTIPLE WAYS THIS CAN BE IMPLEMENTED:
• 1 DATA VERIFICATION
• 2.DATA VALIDATION
• 3.IMPLEMENTATION SECURITY ON USER LEVEL (PERMISSIONS)
• 4.SETTING UP VIEWS IN THE DATABASE
DATA VERIFICATION
• EVERY TIME DATA IS MODIFIED OR ENTERED BY:
• MANUAL INSERT-DELETE-UPDATE
• BULK IMPORT
• DATA MIGRATION (AUTOMATICALLY MOVING DATA FROM SERVER A TO B)
• YOU NEED TO VERIFY THAT THE DATA FROM THE SOURCE ENDED UP CORRECTLY IN THE DATABASE.
• EXAMPLE: DID YOU MAKE A MISTAKE IN ENTERING YOUR PHONENUMBER. VERIFY YOUR INPUT!
• COMMON EXAMPLE: ENTERING YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS TWICE? WHY?
DATA VALIDATION

• IS THE DATA IN THE CORRECT FORMAT ?


• THIS IS CALLED DATA VALIDATION.
• DMBS SOFTWARE HAS PLENTY OF OPPORTUNITIES TO DO VALIDATION.
• INPUT VALIDATION CAN ALSO BE DONE AT DATABASE LEVEL & APPLICATION LEVEL (CLIENT & SERVER)
PERMISSIONS AT USER LEVEL

• WHICH USER HAS ACCESS TO WHICH PART OF THE DATA?


• READ / WRITE ACCESS PER TABLE OR SCHEMA.
• PARTIAL ACCESS TO THE DATABASE (CERTAIN TABLES) BASED ON YOUR ROLE.
USE OF DATABASE VIEWS

• A VIEW IS A STORED QUERY


ACCESSIBLE BY A SPECIFIC USER OF
THE DATABASE.

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