Projection
• It is the process of converting a 3D object into
a 2D object. It is also defined as mapping or
transformation of the object in projection
plane or view plane. The view plane is
displayed surface.
projection
projector
View
plane
Perspective Projection
• In perspective projection farther away object from
the viewer, small it appears. This property of
projection gives an idea about depth. The artist use
perspective projection from drawing three-
dimensional scenes.
• Two main characteristics of perspective are vanishing
points and perspective foreshortening. Due to
foreshortening object and lengths appear smaller
from the center of projection. More we increase the
distance from the center of projection, smaller will be
the object appear.
Perspective Projection and its Types
• In Perspective Projection the center of
projection is at finite distance from projection
plane. This projection produces realistic views.
Projections of distant object are smaller than
projections of objects of same size that are
closer to projection plane. The perspective
projection can be easily described by following
figure :
• Center of Projection –
It is a point where lines or projection that are not
parallel to projection plane appear to meet.
• View Plane or Projection Plane –
The view plane is determined by :
– View reference point R0(x0, y0, z0)
– View plane normal.
• Location of an Object –
It is specified by a point P that is located in world
coordinates at (x, y, z) location. The objective of
perspective projection is to determine the image
point P’ whose coordinates are (x’, y’, z’)
Types of Perspective Projection :
• Classification of perspective projection is on
basis of vanishing points (It is a point in image
where a parallel line through center of
projection intersects view plane.). We can say
that a vanishing point is a point where
projection line intersects view plane.
The classification is as follows :
One Point Perspective Projection –
One point perspective projection occurs when any of principal
axes intersects with projection plane or we can say when
projection plane is perpendicular to principal axis.
In the figure, z axis intersects projection plane whereas x and y
axis remain parallel to projection plane.
Two Point Perspective Projection –
Two point perspective projection occurs when projection plane
intersects two of principal axis.
In the figure, projection plane intersects x and y axis where z axis
remains parallel to projection plane.
Three Point Perspective Projection –
Three point perspective projection occurs when all three axis
intersects with projection plane. There is no any principle axis
which is parallel to projection plane.
