THE CONTEMPORARY

WORLD

LESSON 1
GLOBALIZATION
INTRODUCTION
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY THE
CONTEMPORARY WORLD?

• To know how globalization can help us understand ourselves,

our experiences, our global communities, our country, and our
culture.
• To expose you to the ideas that allow you to make sense of
“out there”
• To address problems and to create and apply a solutions.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Agree on a working definition of globalization for the course;

• Differentiate the competing concepts of globalization;
• Analyze the various contemporary drivers of globalizations;
and
• Narrate a personal experience of globalization.
WHAT IS 'GLOBALIZATION'?
• It is a process of interaction and integration among the people,
companies and governments of different nations, a process
driven by international trade and investments and aided by
information technology.
• Globalization can be also be defined as the free movement of
goods, services and people across the world in seamless and
integrated manner.
• It makes the world more accessible to everyone.
• World Health Organization define globalization, is generally
understood to include two inter-related elements:
1. the opening of international borders to increasingly fast
flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas.
2. the changes in institutions and policies at national and
international levels that facilitate or promote such flows.
Meaning, it has the potential for both positive and negative
effects on development and health.
• Thomas Friedman define globalization as, as the inexorable
integration of markets, nation states, and technologies to a degree
never witnessed before in a way that is enabling individuals,
corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther,
faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before.
• Meanwhile, according to Manfred Steger, “the
term globalization applies to a set of social processes that appear
to transform our present social condition of weakening
nationality into one of globality.”
THE BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION ARE:

• More international trade.

• More wealth in the world.
• Improve living standards.
• Increased creativity and innovation.
• More goods & services generally available at lower prices.
• Easy access to foreign culture.
 TYPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

• Economic globalization refers to interconnectedness of economies

through trade and exchange of resources.
• It also refers to the widespread international movements of good,
services, capital, technology and information.
• Economic globalization primarily comprises the globalization of
production, finance, markets, technology, organizational regimes,
institutions, corporations, and labour.
SOCIAL GLOBALIZATION

• It pertains to human interaction within cultural communities,

encompassing topics like family, religion, work and
education.
• It is a global interconnectedness between the people.
• It is also a measure of how easily information and ideas pass
between people in their own country and between different
countries (includes access to internet and social media
networks).
POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

• Refers to the amount of political co-operation that exist

between different countries.
• Political globalization refers to the growth of the
worldwide political system, both in size and complexity.
• It also refers to the organization of different countries into
trade blocs.
• For anthropologist Arjun Appuradai, different globalization occur
on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration that he
called “scapes”
1. Ethnoscape- global movement of people
2. Mediascape- flow of culture
3. Technoscape- circulation of mechanical goods and software
4. Finacescape- global circulation of money
5. Ideoscape- realm of political ideas
WHAT CAUSES
GLOBALIZATION?
The primary components that led to the intergration of
international market are:
• International finance—sometimes known as international
macroeconomics—is a section of financial economics that deals with
the monetary interactions that occur between two or more countries.
This section is concerned with topics that include foreign direct
investment and currency exchange rates.
• Multinational production, defined as production that is carried out by
firms outside of their country of origin.
• Trade is a type of economic globalization and a measure (economic
indicator) of economic integration. It represents the proportion of all
production that crosses the boundaries of a country, as well as the
number of jobs in that country dependent upon external trade.
 The three components leads to variation in basic
causes of globalization . For example, various
governments possess all of political incentives they
need to regulate the movement of cross-border
capital, but the revolution of information technology
has made it impossible.
 HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY DRIVE
GLOBALIZATION?

Technological advancement drives globalization by making it easier

for people, goods, and ideas to move across borders. For example, people
from all over the world can now share their ideas in just a second or
minute through the internet, which has enhanced communication and
connectivity.
THE PROS AND CONS
OF GLOBALIZATION
PROS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. It encourages free trade. Without borders in place, consumers can purchase items from
anywhere in the world at a reduced cost. There would be fewer barriers in place, like
tariffs, sales taxes, or subsidies because there wouldn’t be nations in place that could
add restrictions.
2. More trade means the potential for more jobs. When there are fewer barriers in place to
purchase items, then consumers will generally purchase more things. This creates the
foundation that businesses need to create more jobs.
3. It eliminates currency manipulation. Many countries today manipulate their currencies
to benefit their local economy. Even the three “primary” currencies of the world do
this: the pound, the euro, and the dollar. 
4. Open borders mean more opportunities to develop poor areas of the
world. There are many nations in the world today that are in a state of
entry-level industrialization. Poverty is a feature in many of these
developing countries. Through the process of globalization, the removal
of borders allows the people in these areas to experience greater
prosperity because each area gains the ability to access what they need. 
5. It allows for open lines of communication.
When borders are removed, people have the ability to communicate with
one another more freely. There is a greater intermingling of cultures,
which allows people to have a greater perspective about the world. 
6. We could begin pooling resources to do great things. Multiple
countries are running space programs right now. Some private
businesses are doing the same thing. If they could pool their
resources and combine talents to work toward one single goal instead
of having multiple agencies all trying to do the same thing, we could
be more efficient with our innovation in the area of space exploration.
The same principle could be applied to virtually any industry or idea.
CONS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. It generally makes the rich become rich and the poor to become mired in poverty. This
means the rich can access what they want or need to become richer, but the poor get
trapped in poverty because they don’t have the means to access success.
2. Jobs get transferred to lower-cost areas. 
Jobs can be created through globalism, but they tend to be created in the areas
where labor costs are the cheapest. 
3. Globalism creates a culture of fear. 
Even in jobs aren’t exported to cheaper areas of the planet, business owners can
hold the threat of doing so over the heads of their current workers to gain salary
concessions.
4. It creates a political system where the biggest and the richest have
influence. The largest businesses and wealthiest people could hoard
global resources for themselves through whatever government was
put into place, enhancing the social inequalities that are already being
seen on smaller scales.

5. Diseases travel faster in a world that is globalized. 

When people stay within their own regions, there are fewer problems
with communicable diseases. If there were no borders and people
could travel freely to wherever they wished to go, this issue would
cause even the most remote parts of the planet to be exposed to
potentially deadly health concerns.
6. It could have a negative impact on the environment. Let’s say that
production levels increase because everyone sees a boost in their
economic circumstances. This would potentially increase pollution
levels that could acidify the air, the ocean, and cause more issues with
global warming.
CONCLUSION
• Globalization is the key factor for international business.
• Globalization is an event occurred in unprecedented pace
and gives definition to the world market. It is still public
debate whether it is beneficial or detrimental most
especially to the average citizens. It may directly on
indirectly affect everyone, but not everyone gets the same
benefits.
• With globalization, there comes a higher level of thinking
and strategizing.
CONCLUSION

• Globalization has contributed to global warming,

climate change and the overuse of natural resources.
An increase in the demand for good has boosted
manufacturing and industrialization.
CONCLUSION
• The globalization pros and cons show that there would be many
benefits to a borderless world, but there would also be great
challenges which would need to be solved for it to be a workable
solution. Whether one supports a world without borders or
supports the current state of affairs, one truth can be found: we
have a responsibility to help each other. When a minority of the
world consumes a vast majority of its resources, that is evidence
which shows we must heed the call to help people in need.
REFERENCE:

https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/#targetText=Globalizat
ion%20is%20a%20process%20of,and%20aided%20by%20information%20tec
hnology
.
https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/reference/types-of-globalisation
https://vittana.org/22-globalization-pros-and-cons
QUESTIONS
1. Define globalization as, as the inexorable integration of markets,
nation state and technologies.
a)Manfred Steger
b)Christopher Columbus
c)Thomas Friedman

2. According to him, the term globalization applies to a set of social

process that appear to transform but presents social condition of
weakening nationality into one of globality.
d)Manfred Steger
e)Christopher Columbus
f)Thomas Friedman
3. A process of interaction and integration among the people,
companies and government of different nation.
a) Socialization
b) Globalization
c) Rationalization

4. They define globalization as generally, the opening of international

borders to increasingly fast flow of goods, services, finance, people
and ideas.
d) Department of Education
e) World Health Organization
f) European Union
5. Refers to interconnectedness of economies through trends and
exchange of resources.
a) Social Globalization
b) Economic Globalization
c) Political Globalization

6. Refers to the amount of political co-operation that exist

between countries.
d) Social Globalization
e) Economic Globalization
f) Political Globalization
7. Pertains to human interactions within cultural communities,
encompassing topics like family, religion, work and education.
a) Economic Globalization
b) Political Globalization
c) Social Globalization

8. An advancement that drives globalization by making it

easier for people, goods, and ideas to move across borders.
d) Communication
e) Technological
f) Socialization
9. A global interconnectedness between the people.
a) Social Globalization
b) Political Globalization
c) Economic Globalization
 LECTURERS:

• Ms. Allague – Globalization Theory of Homogeneity

• Ms. Caballes - Globalization Theory of Heterogeneity
• Ms. Cabato – McDonaldization
• Ms. Capacio - GLOCALIZATION
• Ms. Cativo – Cultural differentialism
• Ms. Celestino – Cultural hybridization
• Ms. Dela Cruz - Cultural Convergence