BUTION
ketch the
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D
ormal distribution
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C CHAPTER 2
B
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A Normal Distribution
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It can be spread out
more on the left Or more on the right
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Or it can be all
jumbled up
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the Normal
Distribution
Properties of
Properties of Normal Probability Distribution
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
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2. The curve is symmetrical about its center.
3. The mean, the median and the mode
coincide at the center.
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4. The width of the curve is determined
by the standard deviation of the
distribution.
5. The tails of the curve flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal axis,
always approaching the axis but never
touching it. That is,
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6. The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it
represents the probability or proportion
or the percentage associated with specific
sets of measurement values.
Standard Normal Curve
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A standard normal curve is a normal
probability distribution that has a mean
and a standard deviation
Standard Normal Curve = is a normal probability
distribution that has a mean (μ)=0 and a standard
deviation (σ)=1
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68% of values are within 95% of values are within
1 standard deviation of the mean 2 standard deviations of the mean
99.7% of values are within
3 standard deviations of the mean
THE AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
Z-TABLE - the table of areas under normal curve.
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Z-SCORE - is a measure of relative standing.
- represents a given measurement X and mean,
expressed in standard deviations
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FOUR-STEP PROCESS in FINDING the AREAS
UNDER NORMAL CURVE GIVEN a z-VALUE
1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.
2. Using the z-table, find the first two digit on
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the left column.
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3. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
4. Read the area(or probability ) at the
intersection of the row and the column.
EXERCISE 10:
1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.
Answer:
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2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.36.
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Answer:
3. Find the area that corresponds to z = -2.58
Answer:
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Quiz #04
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase to
make meaningful statements.
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1. The curve of a probability distribution is formed by ______________.
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2. The area under a normal curve is _______________.
3. The important values that describe a normal curve are ____________.
4. There are __________ standard deviation units
at the baseline of a normal curve
5. The curve of a normal distribution extends
indefinitely at the tails but does not
Quiz #04
6. The area under a normal curve may also be expressed in terms of _____ or ___
or ___________.
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7. The mean, the median and the mode of a normal curve are ____________.
8. A normal curve is used in ___________.
9. About ____ % of a score distribution is between
z = 0 and z = 1.
10. The skewness of a normal curve is 0 because it is a
________ shape.
Quiz #04
Find the corresponding area between z = 0
and each of the following:
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a. z = 0.96
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b. z= 1.74
c. z=2.18
d. z= 2.69
e. z= 3.00
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the z-scores
Understanding
LESSON 2:
CV
UNDERSTANDING THE Z-SCORES
Relate a random variable distribution to
1 a normal variable distribution;
probability understand the concept
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objectives
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LESSON 2 Convert a random variable to a
standard normal variable and vice versa
OBJECTI
VES
3 Solve problems involving random and
normal variables
Understanding the z-score
z= z=
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X = given measurement
S= sample standard deviation
Example 01
1. Given the mean, and the
standard deviation, of a
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population of reading scores. Find
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the z-value that corresponds to a
score X = 58.
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Example 02
Imagine a group of 200 applicants who
took a math test. George was among
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the test takers and he got 700 points
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(X) out of 1000. The average score was
600 and the standard deviation was
150. What is the z value and how well
George performed compared to his
peers.
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Understanding the z-score (RECAP)
z= z=
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about
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X = given measurement
S= sample standard deviation
Score in PE
Locate the z-value that corresponds to a PE score
of 39 given that and
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If the section has 60 students, how many of them
got below 39? Above 39?
Lesson 3 and 4:
Identifying Regions of
Areas Under the
Normal Curve and
random variable
objectives
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Determining
Probabilities
LESSON
CV
3 and 4:
Identifying Regions of Areas Under the Normal Curve and
Determining Probabilities
Determine the areas under the normal
1 curve given z-values and find area
probability between paired z-scores
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objectives
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LESSON 2
Find probabilities for the standard
normal random variable z; and
OBJECTI
VES
Express area under the normal curve
3 using probability notation.
Probability Notations Under the
Normal Curve
probability
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formula
P(a < z < b) denotes
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the probability that
the z-score is
between a and b
Probability Notations Under the
Normal Curve
probability
objective
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P(z > a) denotes the
probability that the z-
score is greater than a
Probability Notations Under the
Normal Curve
probability
objectives
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P(z < a) denotes the
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probability that the z-
score is less than a
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probability
objective
Example #01
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CASE 1.a Tails – right of a positive z
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Example. Find the area greater than
z = 1 or P(z > 1)
Example #02
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CASE 1.b Tails – left of a negative z.
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Example. Find the area to the left of
z = -1.5 or P(z<-1.5)
Example #03
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CASE 2.a Between two values with the
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same sign (positive)
Example. Find the area between
z = 0.98 and z = 2.58.
Example #04
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CASE 2.b. Between two values with the
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same sign (negative)
Example. Find the area between
z = -2 and z = -1.5.
Example #05
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CASE 3. Between z-values of different signs.
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Example: Find the area between
z = -1.32 and z = 2.37
Example #06
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CASE 4a. Cumulative right of a negative z.
Example. Find the area above z = -1.
Example #07
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CASE 4b. Cumulative left of a positive z.
Example. Find the area below z = 1.5.
Quiz #04
Determine each of the following areas and show these
graphically.
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1.P(Z < 2)
2.P(-1.65 < Z < 1.93)
3.P(0.85 < Z < 2.23)
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Locating
Lesson 5:
Under the
Percentiles
Normal Curve
LESSON 5:
CV
Locating Percentiles Under the Normal Curve
1 Find z-scores when
probability probabilities are given
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formula
objectives
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LESSON
OBJECTI
VES Locate percentiles under the
2
normal curve
PERCENTILE
probability
objectives
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is a measure of relative
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standing. It is a descriptive
measure of the relationship of a
measurement to the rest of the
data.
Example #01
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Find the 95th percentile of a normal
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curve.
Example #02
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Find the upper 10% of the normal curve
Example #03
The results of a nationwide aptitude
test in mathematics are normally
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distributed with m = 80 and s = 15.
What is the percentile rank of a score
of 84?
Example 4
The mean BMI for men aged 60 is 29
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with a standard deviation of 6. What
is the 90th percentile of BMI for men?
Quiz 5
1. Find the z-score of .
2. Find the lower 82% of the normal
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curve.
3. The mean BMI for women aged
60 is 28 with a standard deviation
of 7. What is the 85th percentile of
BMI for men?
Lesson 6:
Applying the
Normal Curve
random variable
objectives
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Concepts in
Problem Solving
CV
LESSON 6:
Applying the Normal Curve Concepts in Problem Solving
1 Apply the normal curve in
probability solving word problems
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formula
objectives
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LESSON
OBJECTI
VES
2 Develop habits of reasoning using
the normal curve concepts
Example #01
The results of a nationwide aptitude
test in mathematics are normally
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distributed with m = 80 and s = 15. Find
the raw score such that 70% of the
cases are below it.
Example #02
In the same problem, what is the
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score that divides the distribution such
that 99% of the cases is below it?
Example #03
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What are the scores that bound the
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middle 95% of the distribution?
Example #04
The weights of 1000 children average
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50kg and the standard deviation is 5kg.
about
How many children weigh between
40kg and 55kg?
Quiz #06
The weights of 1000 children
average 50kg and the standard
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deviation is 5kg. How many children
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weigh
a. 40kg and below
b. Between 42kg and 55kg
c. Between 39kg and 58kg
