DATA MODELLING
By:
Priyansh Parmar (IU1941220038)
Maitri Patel (IU1941220049)
Harshil Pithadiya (IU1941220063)
What is DATA MODELLING ?
♦ Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of either a whole information
system or parts of it to communicate connections between data points and structures.
♦ The goal is to illustrate the types of data used and stored within the system, the relationships
among these data types, the ways the data can be grouped and organized and its formats and
attributes.
♦ Data Modelling helps create a robust design with a data model that can show an
organization's entire data on the same platform.
♦ Data Modelling helps in the visual representation of data. Data Models are built during the
design and analysis phase of a project to ensure those application requirements are fulfilled.
What is DATA MODEL ?
♦ The Data Model is defined as an abstract model that organizes data
description, data semantics, and consistency constraints of data.
♦ The data model emphasizes on what data is needed and how it should be
organized instead of what operations will be performed on data.
♦ Data model visually represents the nature of data , business rules governing
the data and how it should be organized.
Types of DATA MODELS
There are three different types of data models produced while progressing from
requirements to the actual database to be used for the information system :
(i) Conceptual Model
(ii) Logical Model
(iii) Physical Model
(i) Conceptual Model
♦ The conceptual data model is a view of the data that is required to help business
processes.
♦ It also keeps track of business events and keeps related performance measures.
♦ The conceptual model defines what the system contains.
♦ This type of Data Modelling focuses on finding the data used in a business rather than
processing flow.
♦ The main purpose of this data model is to organize, define business rules and concepts.
♦ For example, it helps business people to view any data like market data, customer data,
and purchase data.
(ii) Logical Model
♦ In the logical data model, the map of rules and data structures includes the data
required, such as tables, columns, etc.
♦ Data architects and Business Analysts create the Logical Model.
♦ We can use the logical model to transform it into a database.
♦ This type of Data Modelling is always present in the root package object.
♦ This data model helps to form the base for the physical model. In this model,
there is no secondary or primary key is defined.
(iii) Physical Model
♦ In a physical data model, the implementation is described using a specific database
system.
♦ It defines all the components and services that are required to build a database.
♦ It is created by using the database language and queries.
♦ The physical data model represents each table, column, constraints like primary key,
foreign key, NOT NULL, etc.
♦ The main work of the physical data model is to create a database.
♦ This type of Data Modelling gives us the abstraction of the databases and helps to create
the schema.
Below given are 5
different types of
techniques used to
organize the data:
(i) Hierarchical Technique
♦ The hierarchical model is a tree-like structure.
♦ There is one root node, or we can say one parent node and the other child nodes
are sorted in a particular order. But, the hierarchical model is very rarely used now.
♦ This model can be used for real-world model relationships.
(ii) Object-oriented Model
♦ The object-oriented approach is the creation of objects that contains stored values.
♦ The object-oriented model communicates while supporting data abstraction,
inheritance, and encapsulation.
(iii)Network Technique
♦ The network model provides us with a flexible way of representing objects and relationships
between these entities. It has a feature known as a schema representing the data in the form of a
graph.
♦ An object is represented inside a node and the relation between them as an edge, enabling them to
maintain multiple parent and child records in a generalized manner.
(iv) Entity-relationship Model
♦ ER model (Entity-relationship model) is a high-level relational model which is used to define data
elements and relationship for the entities in a system.
♦ This conceptual design provides a better view of the data that helps us easy to understand.
♦ In this model, the entire database is represented in a diagram called an entity-relationship diagram,
consisting of Entities, Attributes, and Relationships.
(v) Relational Technique
Relational is used to describe the different relationships between the entities. And
there are different sets of relations between the entities such as one to one, one to
many, many to one, and many to many.
Benefits of Data modeling
Data modeling makes it easier for developers, data architects, business analysts, and other
stakeholders to view and understand relationships among the data in a database or data
warehouse. In addition, it can:
● Reduce errors in software and database development.
● Increase consistency in documentation and system design across the enterprise.
● Improve application and database performance.
● Ease data mapping throughout the organization.
● Improve communication between developers and business intelligence teams.
● Ease and speed the process of database design at the conceptual, logical and physical
levels.
Thank You
