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Surveying & Geo-Informatics: Lecture # 8

The document discusses transitional curves which are curves used to connect tangents of roads or railways to circular curves. It provides three main objectives of transitional curves: 1) to gradually increase superelevation from zero to a specific amount, 2) to maintain a constant proportion between superelevation and curvature, and 3) to avoid overturning. It then describes the requirements of an ideal transitional curve and defines composite curves. The document concludes by explaining elements of transitional curves such as length, shift, and spiral angle as well as methods for setting out transitional curves.

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M Bilal Zahid
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77 views12 pages

Surveying & Geo-Informatics: Lecture # 8

The document discusses transitional curves which are curves used to connect tangents of roads or railways to circular curves. It provides three main objectives of transitional curves: 1) to gradually increase superelevation from zero to a specific amount, 2) to maintain a constant proportion between superelevation and curvature, and 3) to avoid overturning. It then describes the requirements of an ideal transitional curve and defines composite curves. The document concludes by explaining elements of transitional curves such as length, shift, and spiral angle as well as methods for setting out transitional curves.

Uploaded by

M Bilal Zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SURVEYING &

GEO-INFORMATICS

Lecture # 8
Prepared by:
M Bilal Zahid
Lecturer,
Civil Engineering Dept.
OBJECTIVES OF TRANSITIONAL CURVE

 To provide superelevation gradually from zero at


start to a specific amount on the circular curve.

 To maintain constant proportion between


superelevation and rate of change of curvature.

 To avoid overturning.

 To minimize wear and tear especially in


case of rails.
REQUIREMENTS OF IDEAL
TRANSITIONAL CURVE
1. The specific amount of superelevation should be attained exactly at
the junction with circular curve

2. The rate of change of superelevation should be equal to the rate of


change of curvature

3. The radius of transition curve should be equal to that of circular


curve exactly at the junction.

4. It should meet the tangent points tangentially.

5. It should meet the circular curve tangentially.


COMPOSITE CURVE
 When transitional curves are added to both ends of a circular, the
resulting curve is known as combined or composite curve.
NOTATIONS OF COMPOSITE CURVE
TYPES OF TRANSTIONAL CURVE
 Euler’s Spiral / Clothoid (Ideal curve)

 Cubical Spiral

 Cubic Parabola (rails)

 Lamniscate curve (roads)


COMPARISON OF TRANSTIONAL CURVE
LENGTH OF TRANSTIONAL CURVE
 Definaite rate of superlevevation

Where h is in cm
Value of n varies from 300 to 1,000
 Arbitrary time rate of superelevation

Where h is in cm
V is in m/s
x is in cm/s (value = 2.5 - 5)
 Rate of change of radial acceleraion

Where K is rate of change of superelevation in m/s 3


R is the radius of circular curve in meters
ELEMENTS OF TRANSITIONAL CURVE
 Length of curve

 Shift of curve

Where R = Radius of
circular curve

 Tangent Length of the combined curve (for cubic parabola)


BT1 = BT1’ + T1T1’ = OT1’
ELEMENTS OF TRANSITIONAL CURVE
 Spiral Angle

 Central Angle of circular curve = (Δ - 2Φ)


 Length of Circular curve
 Length of Combined curve

T1T2 = T1E1 + E1E1 + E1T2


SETTING OUT OF TRANSITIONAL CURVE
 Any of the following two methods may be adopted:

i. Deflection Angle:

Note is the cumulative length hence is the cumulative angle

Check : Total Deflection Angle =

ii. Rectangular Coordinates:

Almost the setting out in field is same as that of circular curve


CONCLUDED

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