AT10703 MASYARAKAT DAN
BUDAYA DI SABAH
KULIAH 04: PENDEKATAN MEMAHAMI
BUDAYA DAN MASYARAKAT DI
SABAH
DR TRIXIE TANGIT
1
COURSE CONTENT:
1.Konsep Masyarakat dan Budaya
2.Pendekatan Memahami Budaya dan Masyarakat di
Sabah (DR TRIXIE)
3.Sejarah dan Budaya Sabah I – Sebelum Perang Dunia II
4.Sejarah dan Budaya Sabah II – Pasca Perang Dunia II
5.Etnik, Identiti dan Penghidupan di Sabah (DR TRIXIE)
6.Organisasi Sosial
7.Adat Tempatan dan Institusi Perundangan Anak Negeri
8.Kosmologi, Kepercayaan Tradisional dan Amalan Agama
di Sabah
9.Kesenian Tampak
10.Warisan Budaya Tidak Ketara – Muzik
2
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Answer the questions below OR go to Quizizz >>> code:
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Recap (Imbas balik)
1) Apakah tunjang-tunjang yang menjadi komponen struktur
sosial? (What are the pillars that make up the components of
3 social structure?)
2) Budaya dihasilkan dan dikongsi antara __________________ .
(Culture is (re)produced and shared between different
__________________.)
3) _____________ berubah apabila orang belajari benda baru dan
tidak belajar sifat-sifat sedia ada. (____________ changes when
people learn new things and unlearn existing traits (make new
culture).)
Cultural diversity
• There are the obvious kinds of social groups (e.g. ethnicity,
gender, religion) that constitute a society, but there are also
subcultures.
• A subculture is a group whose norms and values differ
from those of the “mainstream.”
How culture is diffused (“penyebaran budaya”)
How culture is acquired (acculturation)
Globalisation can reduce cultural diversity
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• Things to be aware of:
– Ethnocentrism—viewing one’s own culture
as normal and, oftentimes, superior
– Cultural relativism—judging other cultures
based on their own norms and standards
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HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH
THE CULTURE AND SOCIETY
IN SABAH, SO THAT WE CAN
PROPERLY UNDERSTAND IT?
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• Study the socio-cultural
diversity in Sabah.
• One of the best way is to get
to know about the people
who live in Sabah.
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INTRODUCTION:
PEOPLE OF SABAH
TAMU (WEEKLY OPEN
MARKET)
• https://thesabahsociety.com/
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Culture Change
• Cultures are always changing. Because
cultures consist of learned patterns of
behavior and belief, cultural traits can be
unlearned and learned anew as human
needs change.
Western influence &
Globalization
•Many cultural changes in the modern world have been
generated, directly or indirectly, by the dominance and
expansion of Western societies.
•Globalization is also a factor of cultural change,
because the spread of cultural features can be seen
around the world.
• Diffusion is the process by which cultural
elements are borrowed from another
society and incorporated into the culture of
the recipient group.
• Acculturation:
When a group or a
society is in contact
with a more
powerful society,
the weaker group is
often obligated to
acquire cultural
elements from the
dominant group.
32
33
Tian Long singing in
Hakka, “I love Sino-
Kadazan” >>>>>
https://www.youtube.com
<<<<<<<< Sheron
a Sino-Kadazan wo
singing in the Dusu
language
35
36 Cultural diffusion has made identity/ ethnic
identity a very complex matter to understand
about the Sabahan people.
How to go deeper into the topic?
Firstly, avoid ethnocentrism and be open to the cultural diversity
in Sabah.
Next, talk to your friends from Sabah – ask them about their
family histories and get to know about their cultural practices.
Remember to explore the stories of your informants – it is THEIR
story to tell.
• A Case Study on Language Change
(LANGUAGE
ENDANGERMENT) among
Sabahan Indigenous communities
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Are Indigenous languages in Sabah on
their way to extinction?
Or are Indigenous languages in Sabah
preserved?
Kadazan lg
1980s
(50%)
2010s
Sabah Malay
lg (50%)
1980s 2010s
Refs: Lasimbang et al. 1992. Wong, J. 2012.
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7 CHILDREN
DON’T
SPEAK
Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS)
Under 30
y.o.
6A:
VIGOROU 6 6B:
THREATENE
S D
EXPANDED Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS)
Source: Fishman, 1991
Source:
https://www.sil.org/abou
t/endangered-languages/l
anguage-vitality
Kadazan elders have said that the language is
magak-tagak (disappearing in the Kadazan or
Dusun languages).
The implication – Indigenous language is weak amid other languages.
Language change - vocabularies are replaced/
replacing.
Vocab A B C D
‘rain’ 1.rasam 1.darun 1.darun 1.rasam
(hujan) 2.darun 2.rasam
‘cold’ 1.osogit 1.atamis 1.atamis 1.osogit
(sejuk) 2.atamis 2.osogit
Vocab of youth vs older people
(Kg. Salimpodon, Pitas – a Kimaragang speaking area)
(Source: Ms. Reany Koton, Borneo Institute for Indigenous Studies (BorIIS)
Tidak payah : “No need”
Anopaya/Adang no vs Ahmuru/Ahtagal
Tengah Malam : “Midnight”
Tanga Sodoi vs Ololong
Bergerak/jalan (ke satu destinasi) :
“Moving”
Mamanau vs Gumayad
Are Indigenous languages in Sabah on
their way to extinction?
Or are Indigenous languages in Sabah
preserved?
Cabaran terhadap
budaya Sabah kini:
• “CULTURE IS A STRONG
TOOL FOR HUMAN
SURVIVAL, IT IS
CONSTANTLY CHANGING
AND CAN EASILY BE
LOST…”
Cabaran terhadap
budaya Sabah kini
Budaya sebagai sumber:
1.Ilmu.
2.Identiti budaya etnik; (kepupusan bahasa)
3.Produk pelancongan;
4.Mekanisme konservasi;
5.Konsumer;
WHAT (OTHER) CHALLENGES CAN YOU
THINK OF?
ETNIK, IDENTITI &
PENGHIDUPAN
DI SABAH
Ethnicity, Identity
& Livelihood
in Sabah
Dr Trixie Tangit
