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PLC-101
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WELCOME MESSAGE
Master the art of building intelligent machines by learning the latest
technologies of automation. Equip yourself with Engineering software
[Simhydraulics and Simpneumatics] and become a contributor in the
field..

Natnael Kebede

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COURSE DESCRIPTION
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

This course is about an overview introduction to PLC. The key components of PLC system and architecture are
the foundations of the course.

ENJOY!!

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INTRODUCTION
PLC- 101

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What is PLC?
• A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an electronic device that takes input from the plant / machine via sensors and
transmitters, executes the logic programmed in its memory and generates the useful outputs on actuators to control plant /
machine.
• Any industrial machine or plant are being controlled by control and power circuits located at control and power panels
respectively.
• Before the invention of the PLC, control circuits were designed using hardwired relay logic. Hardwired relay logic has many
disadvantages as compared to PLC logic.

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The first PLC

• 1968 With a core group of engineers, Richard E. Morley founded Bedford Associates and invented the
first programmable logic controller or PLC. He established the Modicon company, deriving its name from
Modular Digital Control.

• It was developed to offer same functionality as the existing relay logic system.

• Programmable, reusable and reliable.

• Could withstand a harsh industry environment
• They had no hard drive, they had battery back up
• Could start in second
• Used ladder logic for programming.

• To further read about the story follow this link

• http://www.plcdev.com/schneider_electric_modicon_history

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Why PLC?
PLC is needed so as to have the following tasks:

1. to get the automation in the process.

2. Controlling of equipment with just one click.

3. Arranging so many controllers as per our requirement.

4. To make the efficient use of digital electronics and control system.

5. Real time application of microcontrollers, microprocessors and Input-output modules.

6. To give the programming environment(ladder logic , SFC etc.) which is even simpler than
the basic C.

7. In the industries, PLC may help to get the reduction in manpower and wastage of raw
materials.
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PLC Architecture

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PLC Arcihtecture

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PLC vs Normal computer

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Good Bye!
Thanks for coming!

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Industrial Prime Movers

• Most industrial processes require objects or substances to be moved
from one location to another, or a force to be applied to hold, shape
or compress a product.

• Such activities are performed by Prime Movers; the workhorses of manufacturing

industries.

• In many locations all prime movers are electrical. Rotary motions can be provided
by simple motors, and linear motion can be obtained from rotary motion by devices
such as screw jacks or rack and pinions. Where a pure force or a short linear stroke
is required a solenoid may be used (although there are limits to the force that can
be obtained by this means).

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Industrial Prime Movers

• Enclosed fluids (both liquids and gases) can also be used to convey energy from
one location to another and, consequently, to produce rotary or linear motion or
apply a force.
• Fluid-based systems using liquids as transmission media are called hydraulic
systems (from the Greek words hydra for water and aulos for a pipe; descriptions
which imply fluids are water although oils are more commonly used).
• Gas-based systems are called Pneumatic systems (from the Greek pneumn for
wind or breath). The most common gas is simply compressed air. although
nitrogen is occasionally used.

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An Electrical system
• With an electrical system we have three basic choices; a solenoid, a
DC motor or the ubiquitous workhorse of industry, the AC induc-
tion motor. Of these, the solenoid produces a linear stroke directly
but its stroke is normally limited to a maximum distance of around
100 mm.
• Both DC and AC motors are rotary devices and their out-
puts need to be converted to linear motion by mechanical devices
such as worm screws or rack and pinions. This presents no real
problems; commercial devices are available comprising motor and
screw.
• The choice of motor depends largely on the speed control
requirements. A DC motor fitted with a tacho and driven by a
thyristor drive can give excellent speed control, but has high maintenance
requirements for brushes and commutator.
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An Electrical system
• With an electrical system we have three basic choices; a solenoid, a
DC motor or the ubiquitous workhorse of industry, the AC induc-
tion motor. Of these, the solenoid produces a linear stroke directly
but its stroke is normally limited to a maximum distance of around
100 mm.
• Both DC and AC motors are rotary devices and their out-
puts need to be converted to linear motion by mechanical devices
such as worm screws or rack and pinions. This presents no real
problems; commercial devices are available comprising motor and
screw.
• The choice of motor depends largely on the speed control
requirements. A DC motor fitted with a tacho and driven by a
thyristor drive can give excellent speed control, but has high maintenance
requirements for brushes and commutator.
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An Electrical system
• An AC motor is virtually maintenance free, but is essentially a
fixed speed device (with speed being determined by number of
poles and the supply frequency). Speed can be adjusted with a vari-
able frequency drive, but care needs to be taken to avoid overheating
as most motors are cooled by an internal fan connected directly to the
motor shaft. We will assume a fixed speed raise/lower is required, so
an AC motor driving a screwjack would seem to be the logical
choice.

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An Electrical system
• Neither type of motor can be allowed to stall against an end of
travel stop, (this is not quite true; specially-designed DC motors,
featuring good current control on a thyristor drive together with an
external cooling fan, c a n be allowed to stall), so end of travel limits
are needed to stop the drive.

• We have thus ended up with the system shown in Figure 1.1 comprising a
mechanical jack driven by an AC motor controlled by a reversing starter.
Auxiliary equipment comprises two limit switches, and a motor overload
protection device. There is no practical load limitation provided screw/gearbox
ratio, motor size and contactor rating are correctly calculated.

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An Electrical system

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An Hydraulic system
• The maximum force available from the cylinder depends on fluid
pressure and cross sectional area of the piston. This is discussed
further in a later section but, as an example, a typical hydraulic
pressure of 150 bar will lift 150 kg cm -2 of piston area. A load of
2000 kg could thus be lifted by a 4.2cm diameter piston.

• The system requires a liquid fluid to operate; expensive and messy and, conse-
quently, the piping must act as a closed loop, with fluid transferred
from a storage tank to one side of the piston, and returned from the
other side of the piston to the tank. Fluid is drawn from the tank by
a pump which produces fluid flow at the required 150 bar.

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An Hydraulic system
• Such high pressure pumps, however, cannot operate into a dead-end load
as they deliver constant volumes of fluid from input to output ports for each
revolution of the pump shaft. With a dead-end load, fluid pressure rises
indefinitely, until a pipe or the pump itself fails. Some form of pressure
regulation, as shown, is therefore required to spill excess fluid back to the tank.
• Cylinder movement is controlled by a three position changeover
valve. To extend the cylinder, port A is connected to the pressure
line and port B to the tank. To reverse the motion, port B is con-
nected to the pressure line and port A to the tank. In its centre posi-
tion the valve locks the fluid into the cylinder (thereby holding it in
position) and dead-ends the fluid lines (causing all the pump output
fluid to return to the tank via the pressure regulator)

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An Hydraulic system
• There are a few auxiliary points worthy of comment. First, speed
control is easily achieved by regulating the volume flow rate to the
cylinder (discussed in a later section). Precise control at low speeds
is one of the main advantages of hydraulic systems.
• Second, travel limits are determined by the cylinder stroke and
cylinders, generally, can be allowed to stall at the ends of travel so
no overtravel protection is required.
• Third, the pump needs to be turned by an external power source;
almost certainly an AC induction motor which, in turn, requires a
motor starter and overload protection.
• Fourth, hydraulic fluid needs to be very clean, hence a filter is
needed (shown in Figure 1.2b) to remove dirt particles before the
fluid passes from the tank to the pump.
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An Hydraulic system

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An Pneumatic system
• The basic actuator is again a cylinder, with maximum force on the shaft being
determined by air pressure and piston cross sectional area.

• Operating pressures in pneumatic systems are generally much lower than those
in a hydraulic systems; 10 bar being typical which will lift 10 kg cm -2 of piston
area, so a 16 cm diameter piston is required to lift the 2000 kg load specified in
the previous section.

• Pneumatic systems therefore require larger actuators than hydraulic

systems for the same load.

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An Pneumatic system
• The basic actuator is again a cylinder, with maximum force on the shaft being
determined by air pressure and piston cross sectional area.

• Operating pressures in pneumatic systems are generally much lower than those
in a hydraulic systems; 10 bar being typical which will lift 10 kg cm -2 of piston
area, so a 16 cm diameter piston is required to lift the 2000 kg load specified in
the previous section.

• Pneumatic systems therefore require larger actuators than hydraulic

systems for the same load.

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An Pneumatic system
• The valve delivering air to the cylinder operates in a similar way
to its hydraulic equivalent. One notable difference arises out of the
simple fact that air is free; return air is simply vented to atmosphere.

• Air is drawn from the atmosphere via an air filter and raised to
required pressure by an air compressor (usually driven by an AC
motor). The air temperature is raised considerably by this compressor. Air also
contains a significant amount of water vapor.

• Before the air can be used it must be cooled, and this results in the formation of
condensation So, the air compressor must be followed by a
cooler and air treatment unit.

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An Pneumatic system
• Hydraulic systems require a pressure regulator to spill excess
fluid back to the tank, but pressure control in a hydraulic system is
much simpler. A pressure switch, fitted to the air reservoir, starts the
compressor motor when pressure falls and stops it again when pressure reaches
the required level.

• The general impression is again one of complexity, but units in

the broken-lined box are again common to one plant or even a
whole site. Many factories produce compressed air at one central
station and distribute an air ring main to all places on the site in a
similar way to other services such as electricity, water or ga

.
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An Pneumatic system

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Comparison of Electrical,
Hydraulic and Pneumatic
systems

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Comparison of Electrical,
Hydraulic and Pneumatic
systems

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Where do we find Mechatronics?

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Home appliances & automatic pilots

Such as dish washer and UAVs, Multi-rotors, Guided

washing machines missiles,

laser optical systems Industrial Automation

Robotic arm, delta robot,
All automatic focusing
inventory ROBOTS
device.
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Benefits of Internet enabled mechatronics

• By building the driver, controller and
• Reduced troubleshooting-With fewer components and less amplifier into a smart motor, less panel
wire connections, the job of tracing down problems that space is needed, which saves material,
may arise is greatly reduced. time, labor and overall cost.

Easier Less space

troubleshooting

Simplified Lower cost and

• Simplified wiring-Combining the driver, controller and amplifier
Wiring better function • Each component must have a positive
means fewer sensors are needed, especially when an encoder is impact on the financial bottom line. Less
used, fewer I/O connections, and a less complicated wiring wiring and connectors, fewer
schemes. components and sensors, less labor
invested, reduced time spent in setup
and maintenance and maximized
operational uptime all substantially
reduce the overall cost of ownership and
operation.

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Benefits of Internet enabled mechatronics

• Automated adjustment-Switching a packaging or assembly • Machine installation and start up is made
line to a different size or part can become automated and easier with pre-programmed homing
“recipe driven,” increasing manufacturing flexibility and routines and with the ability to make
speed. Such adjustments eliminate time consuming changes at an individual axis without
manual changes. working through the PLC. This distributed
control model frees the installation team to
work on multiple axes simultaneously, and
Automated Streamlined report progress through Internet
adjustment commissioning connectivity.

Preventive Modular
• Established time frames for periodic maintenance based on
mentenace integration
cycles, number of pieces run or other dynamic conditions can • Modular integration-Standardized smart
easily be monitored and reported to any IoT connected device, robot modules make integration into
such as a work station, tablet or mobile phone, allowing teams multiple axes or multiple machines a natural
to proactively keep equipment running at peak efficiency. and easy process.

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Mechatronics and IoT

Internet connected “smart” technology has become

intertwined with almost every aspect of our daily life.

 The smart house can be programmed for tighter

security, maximized electrical efficiency in lighting
and HVAC, and greater comfort driven by an array
of ergonomic sensors.

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Mechatronics and IoT

 Automobiles are outfitted with increasing

capabilities to automatically adjust,
producing higher fuel efficiency and
increased safety based on driving habits and
surrounding conditions.
.

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and IoT

 Similar technology in
connectivity, control and
automation are found
throughout industrial
applications, including
motion. Internet enabled
machines can deliver new
levels of flexibility,
performance and cost
advantages.

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Mechatronics and Agriculture

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MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Mechatronics is a design philosophy, an integral approach to engineering design.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

Basic terminologies of mechatronics

Processes Systems Disturbances

• A system is a combination • A system is a combination • A disturbance is a signal
of components that act of components that act that tends to adversely
together and perform a together and perform a affect the value of the
certain objective. A system certain objective. A system output of a system. If a
need not be physical. The need not be physical. The disturbance is generated
concept of the system can concept of the system can within the system, it is
be applied to abstract, be applied to abstract, called internal, while an
dynamic phenomena such dynamic phenomena such external disturbance is
as those encountered in as those encountered in generated outside the
economics. economics. system and is an input.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

Basic terminologies of mechatronics

Control & controlled

Variable Plants Feed back control

• The controlled variable is the • A plant may be a piece of

equipment, perhaps just a set • Feedback control refers to
quantity or condition that is
of machine parts functioning an operation that, in the
measured and controlled.
together, the purpose of presence of disturbances,
The control signal or
which is to perform a tends to reduce the
manipulated variable is the
particular operation. In this difference between the
quantity or condition that is
book, we shall call any output of a system and
varied by the controller so as
physical object to be some reference input and
to affect the value of the
controlled (such as a does so on the basis of this
controlled variable. Normally,
the controlled variable is the mechanical device, a heating difference.
output of the system furnace, a chemical reactor,
or a spacecraft) a plan.
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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Basic control system terminologies and configuration.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Robust Control System. The first step in the design of a control system is to obtain a mathematical model of the
plant or control object. In reality, any model of a plant we want to control will include an error in the modeling
process. That is, the actual plant differs from the model to be used in the design of the control system.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Examples for Temperature control of plants and Engineering organization system control diagram.

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 The first step in the focused development of mechatronic systems is to analyze the customer and the
technical environment in which the system is integrated.

 Complex technical systems designed to solve problems tend to be a combination of mechanical, electric,
fluid, power, and thermodynamic parts with hardware in digital and analog form coordinated by complex
software.

 Typical mechatronic systems gather data and information from their technical environment using sensors.

 The integration within a mechatronic system is performed through the combination of hardware
(components) and software (information processing).

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THE MECHATRONICS DESIGN PROCESS

 Hardware integration results from designing the mechatronic system as an overall system and bringing
together the sensors, actuators, and microcomputers into the mechanical system.

 Software integration is primarily based on advanced control function.

 The mechatronic design methodology is concerned not only with producing high-quality products but with
maintaining them as well, an area referred to as life cycle design. Several important life cycle factors are
described below.

• Delivery: Time, cost, and medium

• Reliability: Failure rate, materials, and tolerances.
• Maintainability: Modular design.
• Serviceability: On board diagnostics, prognostics, and modular design.
• Upgradeability: Future compatibility with current designs.
• Disposability: Recycling and disposal of hazardous materials

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FEATURES OF MECHATRONICS DESIGN

• Block diagram or visual
interface for creating
intuitively understandable
• Database for maintaining behavioral models of physical
project information and sub or abstract phenomena. The
models for eventual reuse. ability to encapsulate
complexity and maintain
several levels of sub model
complexity is useful.

Project
Modelling
manegment

Designing Analyzing
• Numerical methods for
constrained optimization of • Numerical methods for
performance functions based frequency domain, time
on model parameters and domain, and complex domain
signals. Monte Carlo type design
capability is also desirable.

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FEATURES OF MECHATRONICS DESIGN

• To produce efficient high- • A plug-in card is used to
level source code from the replace part of the model with
block diagram or visual actual hardware by interfacing
modeling interface. The to it with actuators and
sensors. This is called a
control code will be hardware-in the-loop
compiled and used on the simulation or rapid prototyping
embedded processor. The and must be executed in real
language is usually C. time..

Generating Real-Time
Code Interface

Embedded
Simulation Processer
• Numerical methods for solving interface • The embedded processor
models containing differential, resides in the final products,
discrete, hybrid, partial, and and this feature provides
implicit nonlinear se well as communication between it
linear equations. Must have a and the computer-aided
lock for real-time operation prototyping environment. This
and be capable of executing is called a full system
faster than real time. prototype.
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Why Math-lab?
.
The most time-consuming part of Mechatronic system design is the checking of the system performance
by analysis with each adjustment of the parameters. The designer should use MATLAB
or other available computer package to avoid much of the numerical drudgery necessary for this
checking. Modeli
ng
Analysis
Code
genera
tion
Real
time
interfa
ce
Design
Embedd
ed
process
or
Mathem
interfac
aticale
simulati
on

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Why Solidworks?
.
SOLIDWORKS is a very productive 3D CAD software tool, with its integrated analytical tools and design
automation to help stimulate physical behaviour such as kinematics, dynamics, stress, deflection,
vibration, temperatures or fluid flow to suit all types of design.
Blue
Print
Generati
onProduct
Design
Hardwar
e Export
STL file
Estheti
cs
Design
Hardw
are
Design
PCB
Design
Motion
Simulati
on

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Why V-rep?
.
V-REP is the perfect tool for fast prototyping and verification, remote monitoring, fast algorithm
development, robotics related education, and simulation of factory automation systems. A V-REP plug-in
was specifically developed to allow an intuitive, easy and realistic Khepera robot simulation.
Code
Visual
Blocks
operatio
n
simulati
onCode
genera
Real
tion
time
interf
ace
ROS
Node
Embedd
ed
process
or
interfac
Templat
ee
systems

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The overall process of Mechatronic Project

.

 At the end of the training, trainees are expected to go through the following process to design and
build a prototype of a mechatronic system.

Solidworks
simulation

Solidworks Solidworks
Model Analysis V-
Case study
Conceptual R Build
Documentation
design prototype
E
Mathematical
Mathlab Analysis
P
model [matlab]

Mathlab
simulation

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PROJECTS
Hands-on learning projects

ROBOT ARM Quad copter

Or
Fast Downloads
Smart house
Frequently, your initial font
choice is taken

STEWART
Mobile Vehicle
PLATFORM
Frequently, your initial font
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PROJECTS
Hands-on learning projects

ROBOT ARM Quad copter

Or
Fast Downloads
Smart house
Frequently, your initial font
choice is taken

STEWART
Mobile Vehicle
PLATFORM
Frequently, your initial font
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.
Project Robot arm
 Project Description
•A robot is
Wha •The robot's 
computer How •Packaging
is one of Wha
controls
t is a does t are
an artificial the more
everything
agent, establishe
attached to
meaning it d robotic
acts
instead of
robo the circuit.
To move
the robot,
it applicatio
ns in the
the
a person,
doing t the
computer wok food
industry.
appli
things it is
arm? ? catio
switches on The
designed all the uniform
for. Robots necessary
nature of
are usually
machines
motors and
valves. products
at the
ns?
controlled Most robot
by a s are packing
computer reprogram stage
program or mable - to makes it
electronic change simpler to
circuitry. the robot's  automate
behavior,
They may than tasks
you simply
be directly earlier in
write a new
controlled the food
program to
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computer. chain.
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Project Domains
1. Mechanical Engineering.

• Kinematics- study and solve forward and inverse kinematics.

• Rigid body dynamics- Wight, stress, strain and torque calculations.
• Material science- material selection, size and form design.
• Mounting, bearing and fixture design and calculation.
• Degree of freedom and weight optimization.

2. Electrical/electronics Engineering.

• Electrical Actuation- Stepper motor control.

• Electrical actuator Driver circuitry.
• Sensor interfacing and filtering.
• Mathematical modelling and System controller design.
• Microcontroller programing and PCB design.

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Project Streams
3. Software development.

• Path planning based on optimization and collusion avoidance.

• Object detection using radar sensors and image processing.
• Autonomous Pick and place functionality.
• Remotely controlled by a remote phone application.

Mechanica Electrical
l Engineeri
Engineerin ng
g

Software
Engineering
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Mechanics of Robot Arm

Inverse and forward kinematics.

.
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. Multi-body body Dynamics

Generalized mass matrix (orthogonal).

Generalized position, velocity and acceleration vectors.

Carioles' and centrifugal terms.

External Cartesian forces (e.g. from contacts).

External generalized forces.

.

Gravitational terms.

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Mechanics of Robot Arm

Material selection, size and form design.
.

Mate •Alumi
rial num
.

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What is mathematical modeling?

 Transfer Function. The transfer function of a linear, time-invariant, differential equation system is
defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output (response function) to the Laplace
transform of the input (driving function) under the assumption that all initial conditions are zero.

 Comments on Transfer Function. The applicability of the concept of the transfer function is limited to
linear, time-invariant, differential equation systems. The transfer function approach, however, is
extensively used in the analysis and design of such systems. In what follows, we shall list important
comments concerning the transfer function. (Note that a system referred to in the list is one described
by a linear, time-invariant, differential equation.)

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Automatic control system

.

 A control system may consist of a number of components. To show the functions

performed by each component, in control engineering, we commonly use a diagram
called the block diagram.

 Block Diagrams. A block diagram of a system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed by
each component and of the flow of signals. Such a diagram depicts the interrelationships that exist
among the various components. Differing from a purely abstract mathematical representation, a block
diagram has the advantage of indicating more realistically the signal flows of the actual system.

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Automatic control system

 .Figure 2–1 shows an element of the block diagram. The arrowhead pointing toward the block
indicates the input, and the arrowhead leading away from the block represents the output. Such
arrows are referred to as signal

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Automatic control system

 Block Diagram of a Closed-Loop System. Figure 2–3 shows an example of a
block diagram of a closed-loop system. The output C(s) is fed back to the summing
point, where it is compared with the reference input R(s). The closed-loop nature of
the system is clearly indicated by the figure.

 The output of the block, C(s) in this case, is obtained by multiplying the transfer function G(s) by the
input to the block, E(s).Any linear control system may be represented by a block diagram consisting of
blocks, summing points, and branch points.

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Automatic control system

 Open-Loop Transfer Function and Feedforward Transfer Function. Refer ring to Figure 2–4, the ratio
of the feedback signal B(s) to the actuating error signal E(s) is called the open-loop transfer function.
That is,
Open-loop transfer function =B(s)/E(s) = G(s)H(s)

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Modern Control Theory

 Modern Control Theory Versus Conventional Control Theory. Modern control theory is contrasted
with conventional control theory in that the former is applicable to multiple-input, multiple-output
systems, which may be linear or nonlinear, time invariant or time varying, while the latter is applicable
only to linear time invariant single-input, single-output systems.

 A dynamic system consisting of a finite number of lumped elements may be described by ordinary
differential equations in which time is the independent variable. By use of vector-matrix notation, an
nth-order differential equation may be expressed by a first order. vector-matrix differential equation. If
n elements of the vector are a set of state variables, then the vector-matrix differential equation is a
state equation. In this section we shall present methods for obtaining state-space representations of
continuous-time systems.

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TRANSFORMATION OF MATHEMATHICAL MODELS WITH MATHLAB

 MATLAB is quite useful to transform the system model from transfer function to state space, and vice
versa. We shall begin our discussion with transformation from transfer function to state space.

 Let us write the closed-loop transfer function as

Once we have this transfer-function expression, the MATLAB command

[A,B,C,D] = tf2ss(num,den)

will give a state-space representation. It is important to note that the state-space representation for any
system is not unique. There are many (infinitely many) state-space representations for the same system.
The MATLAB command gives one possible such state-space representation.

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MATHEMATHICAL MODELLING
MEHANICAL SYSTEMS AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

 The fundamental law governing mechanical systems is Newton’s second law. This apply this to
various mechanical systems and derive transfer function models and state-space models.

 The basic laws governing electrical circuits are Kirchhoff’s laws The transfer-function models and
state-space models of various electrical circuits and operational amplifier systems that may appear in
many control systems.
.

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MATHEMATHICAL MODELLING
MEHANICAL SYSTEMS

 The fundamental law governing mechanical systems is Newton’s second law. This apply this to
various mechanical systems and derive transfer function models and state-space models.

 This section first discusses simple spring systems and simple damper systems. Then we derive
transfer-function models and state-space models of various mechanical systems.

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MATHEMATHICAL MODELLING
MEHANICAL SYSTEMS

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MATHEMATHICAL MODELLING
ELECTRIC SYSYTEMS

LRC Circuit. Consider the electrical circuit shown in Figure 3–7. The circuit consists of an inductance
L (henry), a resistance R (ohm), and a capacitance C (farad).
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the system, we obtain the following equations:

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OVERVIEW

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 ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLER
Arduino –uno Tutuorial
 What is Ardunio Microcontroler?

• Simply it is a single board computer.

• Its easy to use yet very powerful.
• Its is also open source.
• First started in Italy, as low cost
hardware.
 Why use Arduino?

• With the Arduino board, you can write programs and create interface circuits
to read switches and other sensors, and to control motors and lights with
very little effort.
• It can used for plenty of professional purposes.
• Perfect way to kill TIME as a hobby.
 Arduino Hardware
• The Duemilanove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller.
• operates at 5 V.
• 2 Kb of RAM.
• 32 Kb of flash memory .
• 1 Kb of EEPROM.
• The clock speed is 16 MHz,
• executes about 300,000 lines of C source code per second.
• 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins.
• USB connector for talking to the host computer
• DC power jack for connecting an external 6-20 V power source.
• Headers are provided for interfacing to the I/O pins using 22 g solid wire or header connectors.
 Arduino Hardware
Digital I/O
Ground
Vref Pins LED on

Reset
Button
USB
PORT

CLOCK

External Atmega
power Microcontroller

3.3V Analog
5V Gnd
input Pins
 Arduino Programing

• The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++.

• An important feature of the Arduino is that you can create a control program
on the host PC, download it to the Arduino and it will run automatically.
 What You Need for a Working System

• Arduino Uno board.

• USB programming cable (A to B).
• 9V battery or external power supply (for stand-alone operation).
• Solderless breadboard for external circuits, and 22 g solid wire for
connections.
• Host PC running the Arduino development environment. Versions exist for
Windows, Mac and Linux.
 What is next?

• Setting up Arduino development Platform.

• Setting up a simulator for Arduino.
 How is arduino related to our projects

• Flight controller design

• Sensors interfacing
• Building communication (wireless)
• Autopilot design
 Candidate projects with arduino and sensors

• Measuring altitude using pressure sensors

• Measuring orientation/atittude using gyroscope and accelerometer
• DC motor speed control using arduino
• Arduino radar project
• Controlling servo motor with arduino
 118

Why Mechatronics?
 Mechatronic engineers integrate precision mechanical engineering with electronics,
computer systems, and advanced controls, to design and construct products and processes.
Micro scale sensor and actuator technologies are developed and applied to create intelligent
consumer products.

 Using mechatronic solution increases reliability. Mechanical designs get damaged over time
whereas mechatronic design is more reliable. An example is the odometer present in the
cars.

 Studying mechatronic has a good career scope. The demand of nanotechnology, bio
mechatronics, and robotics in increasing day by day in developing countries.

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Why Mechatronics?
 Mechatronics is important because it enhances functionality and features.

 It brings more efficiency. Mechatronics adds intelligence to design of the system, by which
efficiency of the system improves.

 It reduces cost. Mechanical solutions are expensive when compared to mechatronics solutions,
which lowers cost.

 A mechatronic solution improves design time, product size and reliability. It is also more user-
friendly and safer to use.

 Mechatronic uses microcontroller, by which precision, position, speed, flow rate, and variables can
be controlled.

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Benefits of Internet enabled mechatronics

 Lower cost and better function-Each component must have a positive impact on the financial bottom
line. Less wiring and connectors, fewer components and sensors, less labor invested, reduced time spent
in setup and maintenance and maximized operational uptime all substantially reduce the overall cost of
ownership and operation.

 Less space-By building the driver, controller and amplifier into a smart motor, less panel space is needed,
which saves material, time, labor and overall cost.

 Simplified wiring-Combining the driver, controller and amplifier means fewer sensors are needed,
especially when an encoder is used, fewer I/O connections, and a less complicated wiring schemes.

 Reduced troubleshooting-With fewer components and less wire connections, the job of tracing down
problems that may arise is greatly reduced.

 Modular integration-Standardized smart robot modules make integration into multiple axes or multiple
machines a natural and easy process.

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Benefits of Internet enabled mechatronics

 Streamlined commissioning-Machine installation and start up is made easier with pre-programmed homing
routines and with the ability to make changes at an individual axis without working through the PLC. This
distributed control model frees the installation team to work on multiple axes simultaneously, and report
progress through Internet connectivity. It also allows an operator to make in-process adjustments at an
individual axis without affecting the PLC or entire production line.

 Automated adjustment-Switching a packaging or assembly line to a different size or part can become
automated and “recipe driven,” increasing manufacturing flexibility and speed. Such adjustments eliminate
time consuming manual changes.

 Maximized uptime-Real-time monitoring of temperatures, friction, motor torque and other performance
related data can be routed to a mobile device allowing operators, maintenance or engineers to proactively
handle issues related to maximizing machine uptime.

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OUR PROCESS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

STEP 02 STEP 04

WEEK 01 STEP 03 STEP 05

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 123

TIMELINE
Course outline

Week ONE

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your awesome hands

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 124
1990

1995

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of

your awesome hands

1990

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of

your awesome hands

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 125

ABOUT US
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

W H AT W E D O ?
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your
awesome hands also we are companies often specify a
typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their brand guides
However

THANKS

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OUR MISSION
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Customers HOME GREAT SUPPORT

Is Our Priority
Frequently, your initial font Frequently, your initial font

I WANT choice is taken out choice is taken out

TO BE
YOUR
FRIEND SATISFACTION AWESOME PICTURES

Frequently, your initial font Frequently, your initial font

choice is taken out choice is taken out

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 127

“The price of success is hard work, dedication

to the job at hand, and the determination that
whether we win or lose, we have applied the
best of ourselves to the task at hand”

VINCE LOMBARDI
PRESIDENT & CO-FOUNDER

“Desire is the key to motivation, but it's

determination and commitment to an
unrelenting pursuit of your goal - a
commitment to excellence”

MARIO ANDRETTI
PRESIDENT & CO-FOUNDER

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 128

MY PROFILE
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

AWARDS ALBUMS MY JOBS

C o n f e re n c e F r a n c e 2 0 1 7 LA VIDA BUENA Marketing Inc.

Mark White Re l e a s e d 1 9 9 0 April 2003 – March 2006

Aw a r d s o f N Y 2 0 1 5 ALL MY LIFE C re a t i v e L i o n L L C
Diego Capone Re l e a s e d 1 9 9 8 May 2006 – June 2009

P a r i s M o d a We e d HOPE Aw e s o m e M e d i a
John Carson Re l e a s e d 2 0 1 0 July 2010 – Present

R U N AWAY
Re l e a s e d 2 0 1 8

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OUR VALUES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

HOME SUPPORT CHAT 24/7 MAILING

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font choice is taken out of font choice is taken out of font choice is taken out of font choice is taken out of
your awesome hand your awesome hand your awesome hand your awesome hand

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OUR PROCESS
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STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

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out of your awesome hands also we are out of your awesome hands also we are out of your awesome hands also we are
companies companies companies

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 131
Tony + Ferro

We have the
best technology
of the world
for less money
MAKO MEDIA

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 132

OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

MARKETING BUSINESS STRATEGY

PROFESSIONAL MARKETING ANALYSIS PROFESSIONAL MARKETING ANALYSIS

65 % 42 %

SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENT

SOCIAL MEDIA EXPERT PROFESSIONAL GRAPHIC DESIGN

93 % 95 %

INBOUND MARKET CONSULTING

SEO ANALYSIS PROFESSIONAL GRAPHIC DESIGN

57 % 62 %

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 133

OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

01
RESEARCH
02
MARKETING
03
BRANDING

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken Frequently, your initial font choice is taken Frequently, your initial font choice is taken
out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha

04
GRAPHIC DESIGN
05
SEO ANALYSIS
06
EMAILING

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out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha

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OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

01
RESEARCH
02
MARKETING
03
BRANDING

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out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha

04
GRAPHIC DESIGN
05
SEO ANALYSIS
06
EMAILING

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out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha out of your awesome ha

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 135

OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

3,567 758 8,263 8,263

HAPPY CLIENTS CUPS OF COFFEE RETWEETS RETWEETS

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choice choice choice choice

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OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

3,567 758 8,263 8,263

HAPPY CLIENTS CUPS OF COFFEE RETWEETS RETWEETS

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choice choice choice choice

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OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Apple Devices Apple Devices Apple Devices

Fast Downloads Support Exclusive Offers

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taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands

Apple Devices Apple Devices Apple Devices

Worldwide Five Stars Online Chat

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taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands

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 138

OUR SERVICES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Apple Devices Apple Devices Apple Devices

Fast Downloads Support Exclusive Offers

Frequently, your initial font choice is Frequently, your initial font choice is Frequently, your initial font choice is
taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands

Apple Devices Apple Devices Apple Devices

Worldwide Five Stars Online Chat

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taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands taken out of your awesome hands

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 139

OUR PARTNERS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

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 140

OUR PARTNERS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, as part of their brand
guidelines you’ll find a job has specific requirements, such as limited room that might require a

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 141

MEET OUR CEO

Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

I’m Andrew
Senior VP
OR WHO I AM AND WHAT I DO

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your

hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set
of fonts, as part of their brand.

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 142

OUR TEAM
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DAVID COFFEE DIANA ROVI VANESSA PINO NEYMAR BLACK

Marketing Finances Social Media Entertainment

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 143

OUR TEAM
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

MARK VINCE JIMMY JONES ANGIE SIDRO

DESIGNER DESIGNER DESIGNER

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 144

OUR TEAM
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

DAVID COFFEE DIANA ROVI VANESSA PINO NEYMAR BLACK

Marketing Finances Social Media Entertainment

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 145

MEET OUR TEAM

Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

DAVID COFFEE DIANA ROVI VANESSA PINO NEYMAR BLACK

Marketing Finances Social Media Entertainment

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 146

OUR PROJECTS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

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 147

OUR PROJECTS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Project
2017 Works
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome
hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

CREATIVE WORKS

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OUR PROJECTS
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Project
2017 Works
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome
hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

CREATIVE WORKS

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 149

MASONRY
LEFT LAYOUT

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome

hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 150

MASONRY
RIGHT LAYOUT

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome

hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 151

Project
2017 Works
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome
hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 152

Creative Left
Masonry
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out
of your awesome hands also we are companies
often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts,
part of their brand guides However, if you a
great Frequently, your initial font choice is
taken out of your hands.

CREATIVE WORKS

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 153

Creative
Masonry
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out
of your awesome hands also we are companies
often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts,
part of their brand guides However, if you a
great Frequently, your initial font choice is
taken out of your hands.

CREATIVE WORKS

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 154

Project
2017 Works
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome
hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 155

G R E AT T I M E S
TRAVELING IS LIFE NEWS
FROM THE WORLD

ENJOY THE LIFE

TRAVELING IS LIFE NEWS
FROM THE WORLD

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 156

ABOUT US
IMAGE LAYOUT

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome

hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 157

All
About
Tom White
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome
hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
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 158

FOXY

Travel
Life &
Join TRAVELING
IN THE WORLD

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 159

WE TRAVEL NOT TO ESCAPE LIFE

BUT FOR LIFE NOT TO ESCAPE US

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 160

OUR DEVICES
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Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
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 161

IPHONE 6
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

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 162

Best Apps
For iPhones

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your awesome hands also we are companies often
specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their
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 163

IPAD MOCKUP
FEATURES TEXT

FEATURE 01 FEATURE 02
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taken out of your awesome hands also taken out of your awesome hands also
we are companies we are companies

FEATURE 03 FEATURE 04
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taken out of your awesome hands also taken out of your awesome hands also
we are companies we are companies

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IPAD MOCKUP
FEATURES TEXT

FEATURE 01 FEATURE 02
Frequently, your initial font choice is Frequently, your initial font choice is
taken out of your awesome hands also taken out of your awesome hands also
we are companies we are companies

FEATURE 03 FEATURE 04
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taken out of your awesome hands also taken out of your awesome hands also
we are companies we are companies

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LAPTOP MOCKUP
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

01 OFFER AWESOME SERVICES

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awesome hands also we are companies

02 GREAT SUPPORT 24/7

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awesome hands also we are companies

03
WE CREATE HISTORY

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awesome hands also we are companies

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LAPTOP MOCKUP
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

01 03
FEATURE 01 FEATURE 03

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taken out of your choice is taken out of your

02 04
FEATURE 02 FEATURE 04

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taken out of your choice is taken out of your

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 167

LAPTOP MOCKUP
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a
set of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands.

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 168

App 2017
Project

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are companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their brand
guides However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of
your hands.

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 169

Responsive
Devices

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hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a set
of fonts, part of their brand guides However, if you a great
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CLUSTERED CHART
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4.5

3.5 F E AT U R E NAME
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3 choice is taken out choice is taken out

2.5

1.5
FUNCTION ELEMENT
1 Frequently, your initial font Frequently, your initial font

0.5 choice is taken out choice is taken out

0
Category 1
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 171

LINES CHART
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5
F E AT U R E NAME
Frequently, your initial font Frequently, your initial font 4
choice is taken out choice is taken out
3

FUNCTION ELEMENT 1
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 172

PIE CHART
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F E AT U R E NAME
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62%
choice is taken out choice is taken out

FUNCTION ELEMENT
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MOUNTAIN CHART
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SOMETHING 35

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your 30

hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of

25
fonts, as part of their brand guidelines occasionally you’ll
find a job 20

15

SOMETHING
10

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your

5
hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of
fonts, as part of their brand guidelines occasionally you’ll 0
find a job 1/5/02 1/6/02 1/7/02 1/8/02 1/9/02

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 174

UNITED STATES
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

When selecting a typeface for body text, your primary concern should
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WHITE PEOPLE

65 %
BLACK PEOPLE

93 %
HISPANIC PEOPLE

57 %

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WORLDWIDE MAP
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GERMANY MAP
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WHITE PEOPLE

65 %
BLACK PEOPLE

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HISPANIC PEOPLE

57 %

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CANADA MAP
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BLACK PEOPLE

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HISPANIC PEOPLE

57 %

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UNITED KINGDOM
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WHITE PEOPLE

65 %
BLACK PEOPLE

93 %
HISPANIC PEOPLE

57 %

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EUROPE MAP
Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

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BLACK PEOPLE

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57 %

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FRANCE MAP
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BLACK PEOPLE

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57 %

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TEXT IN ONE COLUMN

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Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their brand guides
However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting a
typeface for body text, your primary concern should be readability. Don’t concern yourself with personality at this stage. I’m of the school of thought that believes that
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that Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your awesome hands also we are companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their brand
guides However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out of your hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting a
typeface for body text, your primary concern should be readability. Don’t concern yourself with personality at this stage. I’m of the school of thought that believes that

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readability. Don’t concern yourself with personality at this stage. I’m of the school of thought that believes that you’re better off mastering your primary concern should
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font choice is taken out of your hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting

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Creati ve
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Text
brand guides However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is
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fonts when selecting a typeface for body text, your primary concern should be
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school of thought that believes that you’re better off mastering a few
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school of thought that believes that you’re better off mastering a few typefaces
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are companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, part of their
When selecting a typeface for body text, your primary concern should be brand guides However, if you a great Frequently, your initial font choice is
readability. Don’t concern yourself with personality at this stage. I’m of the taken out of your hands; companies often specify a typeface, or even a set of
school of thought that believes that you’re better off mastering a few fonts.
typefaces.

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TEXT IN THREE COLUMN

Modern and Minimal Presentation Template

Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out
of your awesome hands also we are companies of your awesome hands also we are companies of your awesome hands also we are companies
often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts, often specify a typeface, or even a set of fonts,
part of their brand guides However, if you a great part of their brand guides However, if you a great part of their brand guides However, if you a great
Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out Frequently, your initial font choice is taken out
of your hands; companies often specify a of your hands; companies often specify a of your hands; companies often specify a
typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting a typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting a typeface, or even a set of fonts when selecting a
typeface for body text, your primary concern typeface for body text, your primary concern typeface for body text, your
should be readability. Don’t concern yourself should be readability.
with personality at this stage. I’m of the school
of thought that believes that you’re better off When selecting a typeface for body text, your
mastering your primary concern should be primary concern should be readability. Don’t
readability. concern yourself

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CREATIVE LAYOUTS

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WOLF & CO
MINIMAL AND MODERN PRESENTATION

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CONTACT US www.yourcompanyname.com

ADDRESS EMAIL TELEPHONE

1243 Barker Cypress [email protected] 001 52 1234567
San Francisco, California [email protected] (503) 52 1234567

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General

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Electronics

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E-Commerce

Web

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Arrows

Location

Weather

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Wolf Company | Presentation