CHARTS
BY:BHUMIKA CHOUHAN
AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
Audio Video aids are anything by means of which
learning process may be encouraged or carried on
through sense of hearing or sense of sight.
AV AIDS - DEFENITIONS
•Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which
initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.
(Burton)
• Audio-Visual Aids are any device which can be used to
make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic
and more dynamic. (Kinder s James)
CLASSIFICATION OF AV AIDS
1. PROJECTED AIDS
2. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
SOME PROJECTED AV AIDS
SOME NON-PROJECTED AIDS
Over Head
Projection Charts
SOME PROJECTED AV
AIDS,Slide Projector Diagrams
Movies Newspapers
Filmstrips Flash Cards
Opaque
Posters
Projection
Over Head Graphs
Transparencies
CHARTS: DEFINITIONS
Charts may be defined as combination of graphic and pictorial material, designed for
the orderly and logical visualizing of relationships between key facts and ideas. The
main function of the chart is always to show relationships such as, comparisons,
relative amounts, developments, processes, classification and organization.
PURPOSES OF CHARTS:
• It is used to motivate the students
• It serves as an illustrative visual media
• It depicts logical relationships between main idea and supporting facts
• It is useful in teaching situations where breakdown of a fact or a statement is to be listed
• It is useful in showing points of comparisons, distinctions and contrast between two or more things
• It is useful in learning situations for depicting organizational and hierarchical structures
• It is used for presenting obstract ideas in visual forms
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARTS
Generally, charts can be classified as:
Tree chart
Stream chart
Narrative chart
Tabulation chart
Flow chart
Genealogy chart
Time chart.
Evaluation chart.
chain chart.
TREE CHART
A chart depicted in the form of a free with several branches is called as a tree chart. The main concept is
represented as the trunk of the tree and various subdivisions/developments of the concept will be depicted as its
branches. The possible consequences of a complex disease could be explained well With the help of a tree chart.
STREAM CHART
In these types of charts, the main concept is explained in the form of a stream of river, and its
sub-parts in the form Of tributaries coming out of it. It is more similar to a tree chart.
TABULATION CHART
In these types of charts, the data is presented in a tabular form. They are commonly used for comparisons,
or for listing advantages and disadvantages of a particular treatment or like. It presents information in
ordinary sequence. They are very valuable aid in the teaching situation where breakdown of a fact or a
statement is to be listed.
EVOLUTION CHART.
Evolution Chart: Arrangement of facts and idea to express the change from
binging to future.
CHAIN CHART
The chain chart: Arrangement of facts and ides to for expressing a cycle.
FLOW CHART
• These are helpful in learning situations that requires the study of organizational or hierarchical
structures. In these lines/rectangles/circles or other graphic representations are connected by lines
showing the directional flow. While designing a flow chart, care must be taken to preserve a sense of
order and sequence.
• Used to show organizational elements or functional relationship using lines, boxes, circles etc.
TIME CHART.
They provide a chronological framework within which events and
developments may be recorded. They develop time sense among the pupils,
helping them to comprehend and visualize the pageant of time and its
relationships.
CHARTS
• Visualsymbols
• Used for summarizing, comparing, contrasting etc.
• Combination of pictorial, graphic, numerical or
vertical material which present a summary.
ADVANTAGES OF CHARTS
They are prepared in a very low-cost.
They are portable and available for use and reuse.
They are easily prepared and maintained.
They are used to explain, clarify, and simplify the complicated subject matter.
They attract attention and reduce the amount of explanation given by the teacher.
Charts are effective tools for learning.
EFFECTIVE USES OF CHARTS
Sufficiently large in size
Explain only one concept
Limited writing
Neat appearance
Provision for hanging the chart
Use of pointer
Proper storage, preservation and reuse.
DISADVANTAGES OF CHARTS
Charts cannot be used for large groups
They cannot be used for illiterate audience.
