Planning for Nursing Service

Prepared by:

Toni Ann Diwa Anthony Dao

Planning
 pre-determining a course of action in order to arrive at a desired result  concerned with defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources to be used in order to attain those goals

Planning
 is deciding in advance what to do, how to do a particular task, when to do it, and who is to do it  a continuous, systematic process of making risk-taking decisions today with the greatest possible knowledge of their effects on the future (Drucker)

Principles of Planning
1. Planning is always based and focused on the vision, mission , philosophy and clearly defined objectives of the organization. 2. Planning is a continuous process . Provision for analysis indicate a revision or flexibility to be done to make it more effective.

Principles of Planning
3. Planning should be pervasive within the entire organization covering the various departments , services, and different levels of management to provide maximal cooperation and harmony. 4. Planning must be precise in its scope and nature. It should be realistic and focused on its expected outcomes.

Principles of Planning
5. Planning utilizes all available resources. 6. Planning should be time bounded. Short and long range plan. 7. Projected plans must be documented for proper dissemination to all concerned for implementation and evaluation as to the extent of their achievement.

Characteristics of Planning
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Planning is goal oriented Planning is looking ahead Planning is an intellectual process Planning involves choice and decision making Planning is the primary function of management

Characteristics of Planning
6. Planning is a continuous process 7. Planning is all pervasive 8. Planning is design for efficiency 9. Planning is flexible

Importance of Planning
1. It leads to achievement of goals and objectives 2. It gives meaning to work. 3. It provides for effective use of available resources and facilities. 4. It helps in coping with crises. Hospitals should provide for disaster plans. 5. It is cost effective. 6. It is based on past and future activities. 7. It leads to the realization of the need for change. 8. It is necessary for effective control.

Reasons why managers fail to plan effectively

Lack of knowledge of the philosophy, goals and objectives of the agency. Lack of understanding of the significance of the planning process. Do not know how to manage their time to devote for planning Lack of confidence in formulating plans. Fear that planning may bring about unwanted changes that they are willing to undertake or are unable to cope with.

Poor Planning
failure to set goals to make assessments or provide for implementation to anticipate any possible change in circumstances

failure

failure

Indicators of Poor Planning

1. Delivery dates are not met.
2. Machines are idle. 3. Material is wasted. 4. Some nurses are overworked, others are underworked

Scope of Planning
1. Forecasting or estimating the future 2. setting objectives or goals 3. developing strategies and setting the time frame. 4. preparing the budget and allocation of resources. 5. establishing policies , procedures and standards

SETTING THE VISION/ MISSION, PHILOSOPHY, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

VISION
- mental image - to see something that is not actually visible for now but in the future Example: St. Luke's Medical Center will be one of the Top 5 medical institutions in Asia by Year 2010.

MISSION
- highest priority in planning - influences the philosophy, goals and objectives of the organization - it incorporates the culture of the organization, including strong leadership, rules and regulation, achievement of goals and the notion that people are more important than work

MISSION
Example: To deliver excellent healthcare through caring and highly competent professionals, utilizing world-class technology and research. This we shall do in the most financially viable way without losing sight of our primary purpose to be of service to God and mankind.

PHIILOSOPHY
- statement of beliefs and values that direct the behavior in the organization - is the sense of purpose of the organization and the reason behind the structure and goals.

PHIILOSOPHY
Example: 1. The hospital is committed to assure a vital role in health promotion, disease prevention, curative, rehabilitative, and primary health care in partnership with public counterparts, the clients, families, and communities. 2. The clients are the reason for the hospital s existence. Therefore, all services are directed toward their care and rehabilitation.

GOALS
Goals are more general & cover a broad area Goals are specific statements of what is to be achieved. They follow the mission and vision of the organization. Goals are measurable and precise.

OBJECTIVES
- tend to be more specific and concrete. - they are action commitments through which the key elements of the organization s mission and purpose will be achieved and the philosophy or belief sustained.

ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARDS, POLICIES & PROCEDURES

NURSING STANDARDS
- provide professionally desirable norms against which the department s performance can be measured. Standards of Care - are specific, detailed plans of care for individuals with specific health problem - purpose is to establish the best practice and eliminate as much variations as possible

NURSING STANDARDS
Standards of Nursing Practice - are authoritative statements that describe a common and acceptable level of professional nursing performance. - standards of practice therefore define professional practice

Who sets the Standards?

Professional Organization (PNA) Licensing Body (PRC) Clinical Practice Guidelines (AHA, ORNAP, MCNAP)

NURSING SERVICE POLICIES

governing plan to achieve our goals and objectives are boundaries/ guidelines for decision making and behavior within which personnel can act IMPLIED POLICIES neither written nor expressed verbally have usually developed over time and follow a precedent EXPRESSED POLICIES verbally or in writing

Three General Areas In Nursing That Require Policy Formulation: 1.

Areas in which confusion about locus of responsibility might result in negligence or malperformance of an act necessary to a patient s welfare

2.
Areas pertaining to the protection of patient s and families rights

Three General Areas In Nursing That Require Policy Formulation: 3.

Areas involving personnel management and welfare

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD POLICIES:

1. Written and understandable by those who will be affected by them 2. Comprehensive in scope, stable, flexible 3. Consistent to prevent uncertainty, feelings of bias, preferential treatment and unfairness

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD POLICIES:

4. Realistic and should prescribe limits 5. Allow for discretion and interpretation by those responsible for it

Advantages of Good Personnel Policies:

- Gives a sense of security and individual worth Give pride and loyalty to the organization Provide employees with information that help them to give good service and to remain with the organization

NURSING PROCEDURES

Procedures are specific directions for implementing specific policies.

are plans that establish customary or acceptable ways of accomplishing a specific task and delineate a sequence of steps of required action

chronological sequence of steps with in a process

Two areas where procedures are needed:

1. Those that are related to job situations such as reporting complaints or disciplinary instances 2. Those involving patient care

PREPARING THE BUDGET

BUDGET
- a financial plan that estimates expenditures and revenues by an agent for a stated future period

- includes estimated expenses as well as income for a period of time

- is the annual operating plan, a financial road map and plan which serves as an estimate of future costs and a plan for utilization of manpower, material and other resources to cover capital projects in the operating programs

CLASSIFICATION
Fixed budget Variable Controllable Non controllable
do not vary with volume

vary with volume can be controlled or varied by the manager

Nursing Budget
- a plan for allocation of resources based on preconceived needs for a proposed series of programs to deliver patient care during one fiscal year

Hospital Budget

- a financial plan to meet future service expectations

TYPES
Per
l r W rk l r r

el
t ft it r i

get
t

Operation Bud et
r fl t i r r i / t t t t l f

( r ti ti ) ti rB fit i

Capital Bud et
l r f rt t r fl il i t r l rt t r f r i ti j r q i r j r t q i iti t

BUDGETING METHODS
1. Incremental Bud etin a. .a the Flat -percentage increase method 2. Zero-based Bud etin uses a decision pac age to set funding priorities 3. Flexible Bud etin can be adjusted automatically over the course of the year depending on variables such as volume, labor cost, and capital expenditures 4. New Performance Bud etin emphasizes outcomes and instead of activities or outputs

Advanta es of Bud et
1. Ensuring
2. Facilitate wor coordination across the entire organization by identifying who is responsible for what

the most effective use of financial and nonfinancia l resources

3. Identify potential trouble spot, so corrective action can be ta en

FACTORS IN BUDGET PLANNING

1. The type of patient, length of hospital stay, acuteness of the illness 2. The size of the hospital and its bed capacity 3. The physical layout of the hospital, size and plan of wards and units, nurses station, treatment rooms, etc 4. Personnel policies

5. The grouping of patients

FACTORS IN BUDGET PLANNING

6. Standards of nursing care

7. The method of performing nursing care

8. Method of documentation 9. The proportion of nursing care provided by professional nurses and those given by non-professionals 10. The amount and quality of supervision available and provided