THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE - Notes
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
1299-1918 (began in Turkey)
Osman, a Turkish warrior and a Muslim,
conquered the last of the Byzantine
villages
• Osman’s many followers were called Ottomans
The Muslim Ottoman Empire controlled
what is now Turkey and parts of N. Africa,
SW Asia, and SE Europe
Osman First Ottoman Sultan
Ottoman rulers were called Sultans
• allowed Christians and Jews to worship
as long as they paid a tax
Ottoman Empire’s Rapid Growth
By 1451, the Ottomans ruled many
cities in the Middle East and Europe
1453: Ottomans took Constantinople
(Istanbul) and made it the capital of
the Ottoman Empire
Constantinople (Istanbul)
One of the largest cities of the time
Center for culture and learning
Constantinople
An unknown painter of the Italian school created this
view looking down over the busy Constantinople
harbor.
Architecture and Art
The Parthenon:
The Greek culture's primitive beginnings were in the times of
Ancient Greece and developed substantially throughout the
periods of the Roman Empire, and Ottoman Empire
Architecture and Art
The Parthenon:
The Greek culture's primitive beginnings were in the times of
Ancient Greece and developed substantially throughout the
periods of the Roman Empire, and Ottoman Empire
Architecture and Art
Venetian relations with the Ottoman Empire were sustained by trade,
but punctuated by conflict.. A Venetian painter depicted the “Action of
August 27, 1661,” a battle in which the combined forces of Venice and
Malta—22 ships—defeated a Turkish fleet of 36 galleys.
Sultan Selim I
Ruled 1512 to 1520
• Given keys to Mecca
Took Ottoman Empire further south
and east
• Present-day areas of Syria, Israel, and
Egypt
Sultan Selim I
Sultan Suleyman I
Son of Sultan
Selim I
He was greatly
admired by
everyone
• Known as
“Suleyman the
Magnificant”
Set up fair laws
Sultan Suleyman I
Ruled 1520 to1566
Expanded empire to the west
Suleyman built mosques that made
the capital beautiful
The mosque was
built between
1609 and 1616
by order of the
Sultan Ahmed I,
after whom it is
named. He is
buried in the
mosque's
precincts. It is
located in the
oldest part of
Istanbul, in
what was before
1453 the centre
of
Constantinople,
the capital of
the Byzantine
Empire.
16th century Golden Age of
Ottoman Empire
During Suleyman I reign, the Ottoman
Empire was the richest and most powerful
in Europe and SW Asia
• Controlled trade of southwest Asia and
Europe’s access to goods from the east
By 1566, Suleyman I died but was the
best known Muslim leader in the world
Impact of Ottoman’s Rule
All Ottoman rulers followed Islam
As the empire grew, Islamic culture
spread
Western Europe was mainly a Christian
culture
• The West treated the Ottoman Empire as a
threat because of the large Islamic population
• European Christians feared the spread of Islam
Fear affects Trade
All trade routes to the east were Ottoman
controlled – the Empire had access to the
Persian Gulf, the Black Sea, and the
Mediterranean Sea.
Europe and Asia were linked by Ottoman trade
routes.
Many European traders did not want to trade with
the Ottomans because of the fear of Islam
Therefore, Western Europeans began to search
for other ways to reach Asia
This search led to the Age of Exploration in
Europe
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
After Suleyman’s death, the Empire
declined over the next 300 years
The empire gained and lost territory
often
• First, the empire lost parts of Europe. It
was called the “Sick Man of Europe.”
• Due to the fear of Islam, Europe did not
want to trade with the Ottomans
Led to economic decline and weakness
Europe able to take back territories
Before Decline
Decline
Decline continued…
By 1800s, empire near bankrupt and could not
compete with Europe
In the early 1900s, Ottoman empire very weak
and therefore sided with the Central Powers in
WWI
• Allied Powers (England, France, Russia, and the USA)
won WWI
Not good enough by 1918, Ottoman Empire
ended
• Treaty of Sevres split the land of the empire among the
Allied powers
October 29, 1923 modern Turkish republic
declared
Ottoman Empire WWI
Turkey
One of the first members of the
United Nations
Today, Turkey is the largest Muslim
country in Europe
Turkey Map
Exit Ticket
How did trade affect the rise and fall
of the Ottoman Empire?
• In complete sentences, state two
contributing factors for both the rise and
fall of the empire.
