NANO α*AS CONTINUOUS IN

NANO TOPOLOGICAL SPACE

Guided By Dr.P.Anbarasi Rodrigo

Presented By I.Sahaya Dani

 Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Nano

α*AS-closure and nano α*AS-interior. As
well as Nα*AS-continuous, Nα*AS-irresolute
in Nano Topological spaces are derived.
 Introduction
The theory of nano topology was proposed by Lellis
Thivagar and Richard. He has also defined a Nano
continuous functions, Nano open mappings, Nano closed
mappings and Nano homeomorphisms and their
representations in terms of Nano closure and Nano interior.
I.Sahaya Dani and P.Anbarasi Rodrigo, was introduced &
studied the Nano α*AS-closed sets in Nano topological
spaces.
Preliminaries
 Let U be a non-empty finite set of objects called the universe and R be an equivalence relation
on U named as the indiscernibility relation. Elements belonging to the same equivalence class
are said to be indiscernible with one another. The pair (U, R) is said to be the approximation
space. Let X ⊆U. Then,
1.The lower approximation of X with respect to R is the set of all objects, which can be for
certain classified as X with respect to R and it is denoted by L R(X).
LR(X) = ⋃x∈U{R(x): R(x) ⊆ X}, where R(x) denotes the equivalence class determined by
X∈U.
2.The upper approximation of X with respect to R is the set of all objects, which can be possibly
classified as X with respect to R and it is denoted by U R(X).
UR(X) = ⋃x∈U {R(x): R(x)∩X ≠∅}.
3.The boundary region of X with respect to R is the set of all objects, which can be classified
neither as X nor as not - X with respect to R and it is denoted by B R(X).
BR(X) = UR(X)−LR(X).
Definition 1
 Let U be the universe, R be an equivalence relation on U and τR(X) = {U,
∅, UR(X), LR(X), BR(X)} where X ⊆ U. Then R(X) satisfies the following
axioms:
1. U and ∅ ∈ τR(X),
2. The union of the elements of any sub collection of τR(X) is in τR(X),
3. The intersection of the elements of any finite sub collection of τR(X) is in
τR(X).
That is, τR(X) is a topology on U called the nano topology on U with respect to
X. We call (U,τR(X)) as the nano topological space. The elements of τR(X) are
called as nano open sets. The complement of nano-open sets is called nano
closed sets.
Definition 2
A subset A of a nano topological space (U, τR(X)) is called;
1. Nano pre-open set if A ⊆ Nint(Ncl(A)).
2. Nano semi-open set if A ⊆ Ncl(Nint(A)).
3. Nano α-open if A ⊆ Nint(Ncl(Nint(A))).
4. Nano β-open if A ⊆ Ncl(Nint(Ncl(A))).
5. Nano regular-open if A = Nint(Ncl(A)).

The complements of the above-mentioned sets are called their

respective closed sets.
Definition 3
A subset A of a nano topological space (U,τR(X)) is called;
1. Ng-closed if Ncl(A) ⊆ V, whenever A ⊆ V and V is nano open.
2. Ngs-closed set if Nscl(A) ⊆ V whenever A ⊆ V and V is nano open.
3. Ngp-closed set if Npcl(A) ⊆ V, whenever A ⊆ V and V is nano open.
4. Ngα-closed if Nαcl(A) ⊆ V whenever A ⊆ V and V is nano α-open.
5. Nαg-closed set if Nαcl(A) ⊆ V whenever A ⊆ V and V is nano open.
6. Ng*-closed if Ncl (A) ⊆ V whenever A ⊆ V and V is Nano g-open.
7. Ng*s-closed if Nscl(A) ⊆ V whenever A ⊆ V and V is Nano g-open.
8. Ng*p-closed if Npcl(A) ⊆ V where A ⊆ V and V is nano g-open.
Definition 4
A subset A of a nano topological space (U, ꞆR(X))
is called nano α*AS (briefly Nα*AS)
closed sets if Nαcl(A) ⊆ Nint(V) whenever
A ⊆ V and V is nano open.
Example 1
 Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a},{c},{b,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)= {U,∅.{a},{b,d},{a,b,d}}
1. The nano closed set = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c,d}}
2. The nano semi closed sets = {U, ∅. {a, {c}, {a,c},{b,d},{b,c,d}}
3. The nano pre-closed set = {U, ∅, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}
4. The nano α-closed set = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c,d}}
5.Thenanoβclosedset ={U,∅,{a},{b},{c},{d},{a,b},{a,c},{a,d},{b,c},{b,d},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},
{b,c,d}}
6. The nano regular closed set = {U, ∅, {a,c},{b,c,d}}
7. The nano g-closed set= {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}
8. The nano gp-closed set = {U, ∅, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d }}
9. The nano gs-closed set ={U, ∅,{a},{b},{c},{d},{a,c},{b,c},{b,d},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}
10. The nano g*-closed set = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a, c,d},{b,c,d}}
11. The nano g*s-closed set ={U,∅,{a},{c},{a,c},{b,c}{b,d},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}
12. The nano g*p-closed set = {U, ∅, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}
13. The nano α*AS -closed set = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}.
Definition 5
Let (U,τR(X)) and (V,σR(Y)) be a nano topological
spaces. Then the function f :(U,τR(X))→(V,σR(Y)) is said
to be nano continuous on U if the inverse image of every
nano open set in V is nano open in U.
Definition 6
Let (U, τR (X)) and (V, σR (Y)) be two nano topological Spaces. Let f: (U, τR
(X)) → (V, σ𝑅(Y)) be a mapping. Then f is said to be:
(i) N-continuous if f-1(S) is N-closed set in U for every nano closed set S in
V.
(ii) N𝛼-continuous if f-1(S) is Nα-closed set in U for every nano closed set S
in V.
(iii) Ng-continuous if f-1(S) is Ng-closed set in U for every nano closed set S
in V.
(iv) Ng𝛼-continuous if f-1(S) is Ngα-closed set in U for every nano closed set
S in V.
(v) N𝛼g-continuous if f-1(S) is Nαg-closed set in U for every nano closed set
S in V.
(vi) Ng*-continuous if f-1(S) is Ng*-closed set in U for every nano closed set
S in V.
 Nα*AS-Interior in Nano
Topological Space
Definition 7
Let (U, ꞆR(X)) be a Nano topological space and let x ∈U. A subset N of U is
said to be Nα*AS - neighbourhood of x if there exists a Nα*AS -open set G
such that x ∈G⊂ N.

Definition 8
Let A be a subset of (U, ꞆR(X)). A point x ∈A is said to be Nα*AS-interior
point of A if it is a Nα*AS - neighbourhood of x. The set of all points of A is
called the Nα*AS-interior of A and is denoted by Nα*AS-int(A).
Theorem 1
If A be a subset of (U, ꞆR(X)). Then, Nα*AS-int(A) = ∪ {G: G is a,
Nα*AS-open, G⊂A}.
Theorem 2
Let A and B be subsets of (U, Nτ). Then
(i). Nα*AS -int(U)=U and Nα*AS -int(ϕ )= ϕ
(ii). Nα*AS-int(A) ⊂ A.
(iii). If B is any Nα*AS-open set contained in A, then B ⊂ Nα*AS-
int(A).
(iv). If A ⊂B, then Nα*AS -int(A) ⊂ Nα*AS -int(B).
(v). Nα*AS-int (Nα*AS-int(A)) = Nα*AS-int(A).
Theorem 3
If a subset A of space (U, NꞆ) is Nα*AS-open, then Nα*AS-
int(A)=A.
Example 2
Let U= {a,b,c,d} with U/R= {{a,b},{c,d}} Let X={a,b}⊆U.
Then NꞆ = {U, ϕ, {a,b}}. Nα*AS-open set ={U, ϕ, {a},{b},
{c},{d},{a,b},{a,c},{a,d},{b,c},{b,d},{a,b,c},{a,b,d}}. Nα*AS
int({a,c,d}) = ϕ ∪{a}∪{c}∪{d}∪{a,c}∪{a,d}} =
{a,c,d}. But {a,c,d} is not Nα*AS-open set in U.
Theorem 4
If A and B are subsets of (U, NꞆ), then Nα*AS-int(A)∪ Nα*AS-int(B) ⊂ Nα*AS
int (A∪ B)

Theorem 5
If A and B are subsets of (U, NꞆ), then Nα*AS-int(A∩B) = Nα*AS-int(A)∩
Nα*AS-int(B).

Theorem 6
If A is a subset of U, then Nint(A)⊂ Nα*AS-int(A).
Remark 1
Containment relation in the above theorem may be proper as seen from the
following example.

Example 3
Let U= {a,b,c} with U/R= {{a,c},{b}} Let X={a,c}⊆U. Then Nτ = {U, ϕ,
{a,c}}. Nα*AS -open = {U, ϕ, {a}, {c}, {a,c}} Let A = {c}. Now Nα*AS-
int(A)={c} and Nint(A)= ϕ
Nanoα*AS -Closure in Nano
Topological Space

Definition 9
Let A be a subset of a space U. We define the Nα*AS-closure of A to be the
intersection of all Nα*AS-closed sets containing A. In symbols, Nα*AS-cl(A)
= ∩ {F: A⊂ F ∈Nα*AS C(U)}
Theorem 7
If A and B are subsets of a space U. Then
(i) Nα*AS-cl(U) =U and Nα*AS-cl(ϕ) = ϕ
(ii) A⊂ Nα*AS -cl(A).
(iii) If B is any Nα*AS-closed set containing A, then Nα*AS-cl(A) ⊂ B.
(iv) If A⊂ B then Nα*AS-cl cl(A) ⊂ Nα*AS-cl cl(B).

Theorem 8
If A⊂(U,NꞆ) is Nα*AS -closed, then Nα*AS -cl(A)=A.
Remarks 2
The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the
following example.

Example 4
Let U= {a,b,c,d} with U/R= {{a,b},{c,d}} Let X={a,b}⊆U. Then Nτ = {U, ϕ,
{a,b}}. Nα*AS-closed set ={U, ϕ, {c},{d},{a,c},{a,d},{b,c},{b,d},{c,d},
{a,b,c},{a,b,d},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}.
Nα*AS -cl({a}) ={a,c} ∩ { a,d}∩{a,b,c}∩{ a,b,d}∩{a,c,d}={ a}.
But {a} is not Nα*AS-closed set in U.
Theorem 9
If A and B are subsets of a space (U, Nτ) then Nα*AS-cl (A∩ B) ⊂ Nα*AS -
cl(A)∩ Nα*AS -cl(B).

Theorem 10
If A and B are subsets of a space (U, Nτ) then Nα*AS-cl(A∪B) = Nα*AS -
cl(A)∪ Nα*AS -cl(B).

Theorem 11
If A is a subset of a space (U, Nτ), then Nα*AS -cl(A) ⊂Ncl(A).
Remark 3
Containment relation in the above theorem may be proper as seen from the
following example.

Example 5
Let U= {a,b,c} with U/R= {{a,c},{b}} Let X={a,c}⊆U. Then Nτ = {U, ϕ,
{a,c}}. Nα*AS -closed = {U, ϕ, {b}, {a,b}, {b,c}} Let A = {a,b}. Now
Nα*AS -cl(A)={a,b} and N-cl(a,b)= U It follows Nα*AS -cl(A)⊂N-cl(A)
and Nα*AS -cl(A) ≠N-cl(A) .
 Nα*AS-continuous
Definition 10
A function f: (U, ꞆR(X)) → (V, σR(Y)) is called Nano α*AS-continuous (briefly
Nα*AS -continuous) if
f -1(S) is Nα*AS-closed in (U, ꞆR(X)) for every Nano closed set S in
(V, σR(Y)). That is, if the inverse image of every Nano closed set in
(V, σR(Y)) is Nα*AS-closed in (U, ꞆR(X)).
Example 6
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a},{c},{b,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and
ꞆR(X)= {U,∅.{a},{b,d},{a,b,d}}. Then Nα*AS-closed = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},
{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}}. Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{b},{c},
{a,d}}. Let Y={a,c}⊆V and σR(Y) = {U,∅.{c},{a,d},{a,c,d}}.Then nano
closed set = {{b},{b,c},{a,b,d}}. Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = a, f(b) = d,
f(c) = b, f(d) = c then f -1(a) = a, f -1(b) = c, f -1(c) = d, f -1(d) = b. Then f
is Nα*AS -continuous.
Theorem 12
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, ꞆR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) be Nano continuous function. If f is Nano continuous function, then
f is Nα*AS-conitnuous.
Remark 4
The converse of the theorem need not be true as seen from the following
example.

Example 7
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a},{c},{b,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)=
{U,∅.{a},{b,d},{a,b,d}}. Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{b},{c},{a,d}}. Let
Y={a,c}⊆V and σR(Y) = {U,∅.{c},{a,d},{a,c,d}}.Then nano closed set =
{{b},{b,c},{a,b,d}}. Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = a, f(b) = d, f(c) = b, f(d) =
c then f -1(a) = a, f -1(b) = c, f -1(c) = d, f -1(d) = b. Then f is Nα*AS -
continuous but not nano continuous as the inverse image of {a,b,d} in V is
{a,c,d}which is not nano closed in U.
Theorem 13
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, τR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) be Nano continuous function. If f is Nano α-continuous function, then f
is Nα*AS-conitnuous.
Remark 5
The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following
Example.
Example 8
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a},{c},{b,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)=
{U,∅.{a},{b,d},{a,b,d}}. Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{a,b},{c,d}}. Let
Y={a,b}⊆V and σR(Y) = {U,∅,{a,b}}.Then nano closed set = { U,∅,{c,d}}.
Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = d, f(b) = c, f(c) = a, f(d) = b then f -1(a) = c, f -
1(b) = d, f -1(c) = b, f -1(d) = a. Then f is Nα*AS -continuous but not nano
αcontinuous.
Theorem 14
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, τR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) be Nano continuous function. f is nano g-continuous iff it is Nα*AS-
continuous.

Theorem 15
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, τR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) be Nano continuous function. If f is Nano g*-continuous function, then
f is Nα*AS-conitnuous.

Remark 6
The Converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following
Example.
Example 9
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a,b},{c,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)=
{U,∅,{a,b}}. Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{b},{c},{a,d}}. Let Y={a,c}⊆V
and σR(Y)={U,∅,{c},{a,d}, {a,c,d}.Then nano closed set = { U,∅,{c,d}}.
Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = d, f(c) = b, f(d) = a then f -1(a) = d, f -
1(b) = c, f -1(c) = a, f -1(d) = b. Then f is Nα*AS -continuous but not nano
g*-continuous.

Theorem 16
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, τR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) be Nano continuous function. f is nano αg-continuous iff it is Nα*AS-
continuous.
Theorem 17
Let U and V are any two Nano Topological spaces. Let f: (U, τR(X)) → (V, σR(Y)) be
Nano continuous function. If f is Nano gα-continuous function, then f is Nα*AS-
conitnuous.

Remark 7
The Converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following Example

Example 10
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a,b},{c,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)= {U,∅,{a,b}}.
Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{b},{c},{a,d}}. Let Y={a,c}⊆V and σR(Y)={U,∅,{c},{a,d},
{a,c,d}.Then nano closed set = { U,∅,{c,d}}. Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = d, f(c)
= b, f(d) = a then f -1(a) = d, f -1(b) = c, f -1(c) = a, f -1(d) = b. Then f is Nα*AS -
continuous but not nano gα- continuous.
Remark 8
The composition of two N α*AS -continuous need not always be a N α*AS -
continuous as seen from the following example
.

Example 11
Let (U, τR(X)), (V, σR(Y)) and (W, λR(Z)) be three nano topological spaces where
U=V=W={a,b,c,d} then the nano open sets are τR(X)= {U,∅,{a},{b,d},{a,b,d}}, σR(Y) =
{V,∅,{a,b}} and λR(Z) = {W,∅,{c},{a,d},{a,c,d}}Define two functions f: (U, τR(X)) → (V,
σR(Y)) and g: (V, σR (Y)) → (W, (λR(Z)). Clearly these two functions are N α*AS -
continuous. But their composition g ₀ f: (U, τR(X)) → (W, λR(Z)) is not N α*AS - continuous
because for the nano closed set F= {b} in (W, λR (Z)), (g ₀ f)-1 = f-1(g-1(b)) = f-1(c) = {b} is
not N α*AS – closed in (U, τR(X)). Hence g ₀ f: (U, τR(X)) → (W, λR(Z)) is not N α*AS-
continuous. Thus, the composition of two N α*AS -continuous need not always be a N α*AS -
continuous.
 Nano α*AS-Irresolute

Definition 11
A function f: (U, τR(X)) → (V, σR(Y)) is called Nano α*AS-irresolute (briefly
Nα*AS irresolute) if f -1(S) is Nα*AS-closed in (U, τR(X)) for every Nano
Nα*AS-closed set S in (V, σR(Y)). That is, if the inverse image of every Nano
Nα*AS-closed set in (V, σR(Y)) is Nα*AS-closed in
(U, τR(X)).
Example 12
Let U={a,b,c,d} with U/R = {{a},{c},{b,d}}. Let X={a,b} ⊆ U and τR(X)= {U,∅.{a},
{b,d},{a,b,d}}. Then Nα*AS-closed = {U, ∅, {c}, {a,c},{b,c},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,c,d},
{b,c,d}}. Let V={a,b,c,d} with V/R={{b},{c},{a,d}}. Let Y={a,c}⊆V and σR(Y) = {U,∅.
{c},{a,d},{a,c,d}}.Then Nα*AS closed set = {U, ∅, {b}, {a,b},{b,c},{b,d},{a,b,c},{a,b,d},
{b,c,d}}. Let f: U→V defined by f(a) = a, f(b) = d, f(c) = b, f(d) = c then f -1(b) = c, f -
1{a,b} ={a,c} f -1{b,c}= {c,d}, f -1{b,d}={b,c}, f -1{a,b,c}={a,c,d},f -1{a,b,d}={a,b,c}, f -
1{b,c,d}={b,c,d}. The inverse image of every Nano Nα*AS-closed set in (V, σR(Y)) is
Nα*AS-closed in (U, τR(X)). Then f is Nα*AS -irresolute.

Theorem 18
In a nano topological space, the composition of Nα*AS -irresolute and Nα*AS continuous
mapping is Nα*AS -continuous.

Theorem 19
In a nano topological space, the composition of two Nα*AS - irresolute functions is also a
Nα*AS -irresolute function.
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