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Introduction To Computer Networking

A computer network allows computers to share resources by connecting them together. The main computer that controls network activities is called the server. There are different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) which connect devices over various geographic ranges from short distances to worldwide. Networking devices like modems, hubs, switches, routers, and gateways are used to connect computers and other devices within these different types of networks to enable communication and sharing of files and resources.

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39 views

Introduction To Computer Networking

A computer network allows computers to share resources by connecting them together. The main computer that controls network activities is called the server. There are different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) which connect devices over various geographic ranges from short distances to worldwide. Networking devices like modems, hubs, switches, routers, and gateways are used to connect computers and other devices within these different types of networks to enable communication and sharing of files and resources.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer Networking

XII Science
Computer Science
What do you mean by a computer network?
A computer network is a set of computers connected
together so that the resources of one computer can be
shared among all the other computers. There is a main
computer in a network called server. The server controls over
all activities of the network.
What are the Advantages of Computer Network ?

1. It enhances communication and availability of information.

2. Resource sharing.

3. It makes file sharing easier.

4. It increases cost
efficiency.
Types of computer networks

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

4. Wide Area Network (WAN)


What is PAN(Personal Area Network)?
A personal area network (PAN) is formed when two or
more computers or cell phones interconnect to one another
wirelessly over a short range, typically less than about 10 meters.

These systems are wireless and


involve the transmission of data
between devices such as smartphones,
personal computers, tablet computers,
etc.
What is LAN(Local Area Network)?
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected
together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or
home. The computers in LAN are normally placed within a range
of few meters to few kilometers.
What is MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)?
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer
network that interconnects users placed in a geographic region
of the size of a metropolitan area (city). It can also connects
various LANs in a region.
For example, a cable television network available in a whole
city is MAN.
What is WAN(Wide Area Network)?
A WAN is a telecommunication network. It covers a large geographical area
covering countries and continents. That is when computers placed in different
countries and continents are connected together then such a configuration is
known as Wide Area Network.
WANs can facilitate communication, the sharing of information and much
more between devices from around the world
Networking Devices ?
Network devices are components used to connect
computers or other electronic devices together so that
they can share files or resources like printers or fax
machines. Devices used to setup a Local
Area Network (LAN) are the most common type
of network devices used by the public. 

Networking Devices are also called Communicating Devices.


Networking Devices

The most common networking devices used are:

1.MODEM
2.Hub
3.Switch
4.Repeater
5.Router
6.Gateway
MODEM
A modem – stands for “MOulator-DEModulator“. It is a hardware device that
is used to convert a digital signal into analog signal and analog signal into
digital signal. That is it converts data into a format suitable for a transmission
medium so that it can be transmitted from one computer to another using
telephone wires. 
The process of converting digital signal into analog signal is called – MODULATION
The process of converting analog signal into digital signal is called -
DEMODULATION
HUB
A network hub is a device that is used to connect multiple computers
together so that these devices can communicate with each other over a
network. It has several Ethernet ports that are used to connect two or more
network devices together. Each computer or device connected to the hub can
communicate with any other device connected to one of the hub's Ethernet
ports.
Types of Hubs
There are two types of network hubs:
1. Passive hub
Passive hubs are the hubs that do
not amplify or regenerate incoming signals
before rebroadcasting them to
the network.

2. Active hub
Active hubs are the hubs that amplify
the incoming electrical signals before
rebroadcasting them to the network.
Switch
A switch is a device in a computer network that
connects other devices together. Multiple data cables
are plugged into a switch to enable communication
between different networked devices.
What is the difference between hub and switch?

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