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Boyles Law & Charles Law

Here are the steps to solve practice problem #3: * Inside: V1 = 3.5 L, T1 = 40°C = 313 K * Outside: V2 = 3.1 L * Use the Charles' Law equation: V1/V2 = T1/T2 * Plug in the values: 3.5/3.1 = 313/T2 * Cross multiply and solve for T2: T2 = 293 K = 20°C Therefore, the temperature outside is 20°C.

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457 views24 pages

Boyles Law & Charles Law

Here are the steps to solve practice problem #3: * Inside: V1 = 3.5 L, T1 = 40°C = 313 K * Outside: V2 = 3.1 L * Use the Charles' Law equation: V1/V2 = T1/T2 * Plug in the values: 3.5/3.1 = 313/T2 * Cross multiply and solve for T2: T2 = 293 K = 20°C Therefore, the temperature outside is 20°C.

Uploaded by

Delano Pete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Boyle’s Law

What is Boyle’s Law?


●Boyle’s Law is one of the laws in physics that
concern the behaviour of gases
●When a gas is under pressure it takes up less
space:
●The higher the pressure, the smaller the volume
●Boyles Law tells us about the relationship
between the volume of a gas and its pressure at
a constant temperature
●The law states that pressure is inversely
proportional to the volume
How can we write Boyle’s Law as a
formula?
●Pressure is inversely ●This is more usually
proportional to the volume written as:
and can be written as:
●Pressure a 1/volume
●Pressure = constant
● volume
●P=pressure in N/m2
●V=volume in dm3 (litres) ●PV=k
●k=constant ●P1V1=P2V2
How can we investigate Boyle’s Law?
●When investigating Boyles law a given volume
of gas is sucked into a cylinder and the end is
sealed
●The temperature of the gas is kept constant
●Using several equal weights we can apply
increasing pressure to the gas
●We can calculate the pressure by dividing the
force applied by the area of the top of the cylinder
●The volume will be shown on the scale on the
cylinder
Boyle’s Law apparatus
Below are some results of an experiment
Pressure p Volume V PxV

1.1 40 44

 
1.7 26

 
2.2 20

 
2.6 17

●Calculate pV (pressure x volume) for each set of results.


What do you notice?
What these experimental results show

●The pressure x volume for each set of results


remains constant
●This is called Boyle’s Law
●For a fixed mass of gas, at constant
temperature, pV = constant or
● P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
●Let us look at the results again
Here are the results of the experiment
Pressure p Volume V PxV

1.1 40 44

1.7 26 44

2.2 20 44

2.6 17 44

●Did you notice that if p is doubled, V is halved?


●If p increases to 3 times as much, V decreases to a 1/3rd .
This means:
●Volume is inversely proportional to pressure, or
● V1
● p
What sort of graphs would this
data give?
●If we plot volume directly against pressure
we would get a downwards curve showing
that volume gets smaller as the pressure gets
larger, and vice versa.
Another way of plotting the data
●Curved lines are hard to recognise, so we
plot the volume against the reciprocal of
pressure (ie. 1/p)
●This time the points lie close to a straight
line through the origin.
●This means volume is directly proportional to
1/pressure or
●volume is inversely proportional to pressure
This leads us back to Boyle’s
Law
● Boyle’s Law: for a fixed mass of
gas kept at constant temperature
the volume of the gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
Problem:
●A deep sea diver is
working at a depth where
the pressure is 3.0
atmospheres. He is
breathing out air bubbles.
The volume of each air
bubble is 2 cm2. At the
surface the pressure is 1
atmosphere. What is the
volume of each bubble
when it reaches the
surface?
How we work this out:

●We assume that the temperature is constant, so


Boyle’s Law applies:
●Formula first: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

●Then numbers:= 1.0 x 2 = 3.0 x V2


●Now rearrange the numbers so that you have V2 on
one side, and the rest of the numbers on the other
side of the ‘equals’ symbol.
Here’s what you should have calculated

V2 = 3.0 x 2
1.0
● therefore volume of bubbles = 6 cm 3

● Note that P1 and P2 have the same unit, as will V1 and V2


1. A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0
mm Hg. What is the volume when the pressure
is increased to 60.0 mm Hg?
2. If a gas at 25.0 °C occupies 3.60 liters at a
pressure of 1.00 atm, what will be its volume at
a pressure of 2.50 atm?
3. A gas occupies 1.56 L at 1.00 atm. What will
be the volume of this gas if the pressure
becomes 3.00 atm?
4. A gas occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm. What
is the pressure if the volume becomes 15.0 L?
CHARLES’ LAW
A gas in a closed system at a constant
pressure, the temperature and the volume are
directly proportional.
CHARLES’ LAW
• Directly proportional means that as the
temperature increases, the volume increases.

• Or as the temperature decreases the volume


decreases.

• Mathematically: V1 V2
T1 T2
CHARLES’ LAW
• The balloon in the
picture has a volume of
0.5 liters at a room
temperature of 22oC.
• What will the volume of
the balloon be if put
into some liquid
nitrogen?
• The liquid nitrogen is at
-196oC.
KELVIN
• Before doing anything, you must convert the
temperatures to the Kelvin scale.
• K = C +273
• K = 22 + 273 = 295 K
• K = -196 +273 = 77 K

• Now you can plug the numbers into the


Charles’ law equation.
The volume goes down, down, down!
0.5 L V2_
295 K 77 K

Cross Multiply

295 V2 = 38.5

V2 = 0.13 liters
Practice Makes Perfect
• Practice Problem #1: • Practice problem #2:
• A container with a • A syringe is set at 7ml at
volume of 148ml is at a temperature of 25oC.
standard temperature. If the volume is
If the container is increased to 9ml, what
heated to 500 K, what is is the new
the new volume? temperature?
• Standard Temperature: • Work these problems
0oC = 273 K on your paper and then
check your answer.
How did you do?
• Practice problem #1, • Practice problem #3:
the answer is 271ml • A basketball is inflated
to 3.5 liters with an air
• Practice problem #2, temperature of 40oC.
the answer is 110oC. When the basketball is
(To get the correct taken outside, the
answer, you had to volume drops to 3.1
convert 25oC to 298 K, liters. What is the
the answer is also 383K) temperature outside?

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