E NV IR O NM EN TAL

Science
 EC O L O G IC A L
CO N C E P T S A N D
PR IN C I P L E S
 PRE T E S T
Multiple Choice:
Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. It consists of all the organisms that feed
at a particular level in a food chain.
A. Niche
B. Food pyramid
C. Trophic level
D. Habitat
2. Secondary consumers belong to ______.
A. Fourth trophic level
B. Second trophic level
C. Third trophic level
D. First trophic level
3. They are unable to produce food, are
constantly looking for sources of organic
nutrients from elsewhere.
A. Autotrophs B. Detritivores
C. Decomposers D. Heterotrophs
4. It is the amount of energy that is passed
from one organism to the next in a food
chain.

A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

5. The release of water vapor from the
leaves of trees is called ________ .
A. Evaporation B. Condensation C.
Precipitation D. Transpiration
6. It is the study of how organisms live and
how they interact with their environment.
A. Biology B. Zoology
C. Botany D. Ecology
7.An organism that can make their own
food.
A. Autotrophs.
B. Consumers.
C. Decomposers.
D. Heterotrophs
8. It is a plant or animal material used for energy
production (electricity or heat),or in various
industrial processes a raw substance for a range of
products.
A. Tropical Level. B. Food Web.
C. Biomass. D. Consumers
9. Populations have a variety of species.
A. True.
B. False
10. It is defined as the number of different species
present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of
each of those species.
A. Species Diversity.
B. Ecological Diversity.
C. Functional Diversity
D. Biodiversity
 B io d i v e r s i t
Biodi y
v e rs i t y i s a t e rm
use d t o de sc ri be t h e
enorm o us va ri et y of l i fe
o n E a rt h.
 B io d i v e r s i t
Bio di ve r
ing t
si
h
ty
in
yr
g
e
,
fe
in
rs
c lu
t o
d
e
in
v
g
e ry
liv l s,
pl a nts , b a c t e ri a , a n i m a
and h u m a ns .
 Biodiversity
C o m p one n t
ECOSYSTEM - CONNECTIVITY
SPECIES - PREDATOR/PREY
DYNAMICS
GENETIC - ADAPTATION
 ECOLO G I C AL
CO N C E P T S
General understanding
(facts) about ecosystem
and ecosystem
environment.
 ECOLO G I C AL
P R IN CI P LE S
Basic assumptions
(beliefs) about ecosystem
and they function and are
informed by the ecological
concepts.
 ACTIVITY 1:
LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
Illustrate the different levels of
organization from the
individual organism to the
entire biosphere.
 ORGANISMS
- one individual living thing
 SPECIES
- group of organisms that are
able to reproduce together and
that share common genes and
resemble each other.
 POPULATIONS
- group of individuals of the
same species living in a
particular place.
 COMMUNITIES
- group of interacting
populations of different
species
WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?
Ecosystem includes all the
different organisms living
in a certain area, along
with their physical
environment.
 ECOSYSTEM
- natural unit
composed of
abiotic and biotic
factors whose
interactions leads
to selfsustaining
system
FACTORS OF ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC FACTORS - the
living parts of an
ecosystem
( animals,
plants,microorganisms)
FACTORS OF ECOSYSTEM
ABIOTIC FACTORS - the
nonliving parts of an
ecosystem
( temperature,
sunlight,humidity, water
supply, soil type and mineral
nutrients)
 BIOSPHERE
- part of the earth and
atmosphere inhabited by living
organisms
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
COMMUNITY
 NICHE and HABITAT
Niche Habitat
- organisms - the actual
way of life place an
- position of organism
that animal lives
occupies in a
habitat
 HOW SPECIES
INTERACT WITH
EACH OTHER?
 PREDATION
One organism kills
and eats another
organism.
Prey- organism that
is eaten
Predator - one that
does the eating
COMPETITION
Relationship
between species in
which they attempt
to use the same
limited resource.
 PARASITISM
Relationship between
different species in
which one organism
lives on or in the other
organism and benefits
from it by causing some
harm.
 PARASITISM
Parasite Host
-organism that live -organism the
in or on another parasite takes
organism and feed its nourishment
on it without from
immediately killing
it
 MUTUALISM
A cooperative
partnership between
two species.
COMMENSALISM
Relationship in which
one species benefits
and the other is
neither harmed nor
helped.
 BIOTIC AND
ABIOTIC
COMPONENTS
 PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS)
-organisms that can produce their
own food
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-the process by which green plants
and certain other organisms
transform light energy into
chemical energy
CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS)
- organism that eats other plants or
animals for energy and nutrients.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION
- process by which organisms use
oxygen to turn fuel, such as fats
and sugars, into chemical energy
 DECOMPOSERS
-Made up of fungi, bacteria, and
invertebrates-worms and insects.
They are all living things that get
energy by eating dead animals and
plants and breaking down waste
of other animals.
FOOD CHAIN and FOOD WEB
A food chain is a succession
of organisms that eat other
organisms and may, in turn,
be eaten themselves.
A food web is the natural
interconnection of food
chains
 TROPHIC LEVEL
The trophic level of an
organism is the position
it occupies in a food web.
The trophic level of an
organism is the number
of steps it is from the
start of the chain.
TROPHIC LEVEL
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
THANK YOU