PROGRAMS OF DOH

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Group 4A
CHRONIC KIDNEY
DISEASE
-ROXAS, LRP
What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?
•Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means your kidneys are damaged and can’t filter
blood the way they should. The main risk factors for developing kidney disease are
diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and a family history of kidney failure.
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
•Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of kidney disease.
Your health care provider may do tests to find out why you have kidney disease.
The cause of your kidney disease may affect the type of treatment you receive.
•
 Pathophysiology
•CKD can be caused by a multitude of underlying conditions; however, once about half of the
total nephrons are lost, CKD progresses similarly, regardless of etiology.
•Underlying etiology: ↓ total number of nephrons (nephron mass), which leads to:
•↑ Glomerular permeability → ↑ filtration of proteins, which are lost in the urine (i.e.,
proteinuria)
•Activation of the RAAS
•Cytokine release
•↑ Growth factors
•These changes lead to adaptive hyperfiltration:
•GFR may actually ↑ during this time.
•Occurs as a compensatory mechanism
•Leads to ↑ intraglomerular capillary pressure (i.e., glomerular hypertension)
•
↑ Intraglomerular capillary pressure and inflammatory mediators cause damage to the
remaining nephrons.
•Damage to the remaining nephrons continues the positive feedback loop, and CKD
progresses.

• 8) These events ultimately → a) scarring of the interstitium, b) progressive loss of

structural nephron units, c) reduction in GFR.
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
 Nursing management
•Educating patients on the importance of blood pressure control
ensuring they are aware that reducing raised blood pressure is a
key factor in preventing progression of CKD.
•
•Encourage home blood pressure monitoring where appropriate.
•Education on maintaining a good glycemic control to slow
progression of CKD.
•
IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
The National Immunization Program, which was then known as Expanded Program for Immunization,
was launched by the Philippine government on July 12, 1976 with the assistance of World Health
Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to ensure that infants/children
and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines. This program
primarily aims to reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common
vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) which includes tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis and measles. To date, the Expanded Program on Immunization provides safe and effective
vaccines against VPDs for newborns, infants, older children, pregnant, and senior citizens.
Vision

● Enabled and strong immunization system for everyone, everywhere at every age to
attain a vaccine-preventable disease-free and a healthier Philippines

Mission

● Guided by the Universal Health Care Law, the program commits to ensure that
every Filipino is fully immunized from vaccine-preventable diseases by building a
strong and well-supported immunization system that is equipped for routine
immunization service delivery and backed with contingencies for and response to
public health crises related to VPDs, vaccines and immunization programs.
Specific Goals

● Strengthen immunization services within the primary health care and eventually
contribute to universal health coverage and sustainable development.
● Leave no one behind by expanding equitable protection with vaccination for all ages.
● Reduce mortality and morbidity by proactively preventing outbreaks of VPDs and
providing timely response to outbreak and other potential health crises related to
immunization.
● Effectively communicate and address hesitancies and misinformation regarding
immunization.
Implementation Support Materials

Type of Support Material Brief Description of the Support Material

NIP Manual of Procedures Updated version of EPI Manual of Operations. This is to

provide update and guidance to all implementers

Philippine Immunization Strategic Plan, 2016-2022 It provides the roadmap for scaling up the current
Expanded Program of Immunization into a National
Immunization Program over the next 5 years. It contains the
policy direction, the goals and objectives and the key
strategies to be pursued in addressing vaccine-preventable
diseases affecting not only the neonates, infants, children
and pregnant women but also those that compromise the
health and welfare of other vulnerable groups like the
adolescents and the elderly
INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD
FEEDING PROGRAM
The first two years are critical for the development and growth of infants and young
children. This is the time when adequate nourishment, particularly from breast milk, is
needed to create strong and lifelong health foundations as the body significantly
develops during these years. Hence, this program aims to provide Infant and Young
Child Feeding (IYCF) skills and training to be taught to mothers especially in the critical
years of their infant and young children. This includes significantly increasing the
prevalence of breastfeeding, along with other feeding skills to ensure proper nutrition for
their children.
Vision
Well-fed, nurtured children and health mothers; Breastfeeding as a social norm;
Competent and dignified health workers; Enabling health systems, communities, and
workplaces; and Whole of society working together, accountable to make this vision
happen.
Mission
Focusing on the First 1,000 Days, stakeholders of the Philippine IYCF Program shall set
out to
● nurture and nourish the mother and child;
● reduce stunting and all other forms of malnutrition; and
● create an enabling environment for optimal infant and young child feeding.
Goals
Reduction of child mortality and morbidity through optimal feeding of infants and young
children.

Main Objective
To ensure and accelerate the promotion, protection and support of good IYCF practice.

Policies
● Administrative Order No. 2005-0014 (National Policies on Infant and Young Child Feeding)
● Administrative Order No. 2006-0012 (Revised Implementing Rules And Regulations of
Executive Order No. 51, Otherwise Known as The Milk Code, Relevant International
Agreements, Penalizing Violations Thereof, and for Other Purposes)
● Administrative Order No. 2007-0026 (Revitalization of the Mother-Baby Friendly Hospital
Initiative in Health Facilities with Maternity and Newborn Care Services)
GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The IYCF Strategic Plan of Action upholds the following guiding principles:

1. Children have the right to adequate nutrition and access to safe and nutritious food, and both are
essential for fulfilling their right to the highest attainable standard of health.
2. Mothers and Infants form a biological and social unit and improved IYCF begins with ensuring the
health and nutritional status of women.
3. Almost every woman can breastfeed provided they have accurate information and support from
their families, communities and responsible health and non-health related institutions during critical
settings and various circumstances including special and emergency situations.
4. The national and local government, development partners, non-government organizations,
business sectors, professional groups, academe and other stakeholders acknowledges their
responsibilities and form alliances and partnerships for improving IYCF with no conflict of interest.
5. Strengthened communication approaches focusing on behavioral and social change is essential
for demand generation and community empowerment.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS PROGRAM
One million children under five years old die each year in less developed countries. Just five
diseases (pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles and dengue hemorrhagic fever) account for nearly
half of these deaths and malnutrition is often the underlying condition. Effective and affordable
interventions to address these common conditions exist but they do not yet reach the populations
most in need, the young and impoverish.
The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy has been introduced in an
increasing number of countries in the region since 1995. IMCI is a major strategy for child survival,
healthy growth and development and is based on the combined delivery of essential interventions at
community, health facility and health systems levels. IMCI includes elements of prevention as well as
curative and addresses the most common conditions that affect young children. The strategy was
developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
In the Philippines, IMCI was started on a pilot basis in 1996, thereafter more health workers
and hospital staff were capacitated to implement the strategy at the frontline level.
Objectives of IMCI
● Reduce death and frequency and severity of illness and disability, and
● Contribute to improved growth and development
Components of IMCI
Improving case management skills of health workers

● 11-day Basic Course for RHMs, PHNs and MOHs

● 5 - day Facilitators course
● 5 – day Follow-up course for IMCI Supervisors

Improving overall health systems

Improving family and community health practices
Rationale for an integrated approach in the management of sick children

● Majority of these deaths are caused by 5 preventable and treatable conditions

namely: pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles and malnutrition.
● Three (3) out of four (4) episodes of childhood illness are caused by these five
conditions
● Most children have more than one illness at one time. This overlap means that a
single diagnosis may not be possible or appropriate.

Who are the children covered by the IMCI protocol?

● Sick children birth up to 2 months (Sick Young Infant)

● Sick children 2 months up to 5 years old (Sick child)
Strategies/Principles of IMCI
● All sick children aged 2 months up to 5 years are examined for GENERAL DANGER
signs and all Sick Young Infants Birth up to 2 months are examined for VERY
SEVERE DISEASE AND LOCAL BACTERIAL INFECTION. These signs indicate
immediate referral or admission to hospital
● The children and infants are then assessed for main symptoms. For sick children,
the main symptoms include: cough or difficulty breathing, diarrhea, fever and ear
infection. For sick young infants, local bacterial infection, diarrhea and jaundice. All
sick children are routinely assessed for nutritional, immunization and deworming
status and for other problems
● Only a limited number of clinical signs are used
● A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s classification within one or more
symptom groups rather than a diagnosis.
● IMCI management procedures use limited number of essential drugs and encourage
active participation of caretakers in the treatment of children
● Counseling of caretakers on home care, correct feeding and giving of fluids, and
when to return to clinic is an essential component of IMCI
BASIS FOR CLASSIFYING THE CHILD’S ILLNESS
The child’s illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system:

PINK- indicates urgent hospital referral or admission

YELLOW- indicates initiation of specific Outpatient Treatment
GREEN – indicates supportive home care
INTER LOCAL HEALTH ZONE
An ILHZ is defined to be any form or organized arrangement for coordinating the operations of
an array and hierarchy of health providers and facilities, which typically includes primary health
providers, core referral hospital and end-referral hospital, jointly serving a common population
within a local geographic area under the jurisdictions of more than one local government.

ILHZ, as a form of inter-LGU cooperation is established in order to better protect the public or
collective health of their community, assure the constituents access to a range of services
necessary to meet health care needs of individuals, and to manage their limited resources for
health more efficiently and equitably.

For these to happen, existing ILHZs in the country must strengthen their operations and sustain
their functionality. Regardless of the organizational nature of each ILHZ, whether these are
formally organized, informally organized or DOH-initiated, the overall aim is to make each ILHZ
functional in order to perform its abovementioned purposes and tasks.
It must be recognized that a good inter-LGU coordination in health is one that
secures health benefits for the people living in LGUs that are coordinating with one
another. A functional ILHZ therefore is to be viewed as one that provides health
benefits to its individual residents and to the zone population as a whole. The ILHZ
functionality is defined mainly by observable zone-wide health sector performance
results in terms of:

● Improved health status and coverage of public health intervention of the zone
population;
● Access by everyone in the zone to quality care; and
● Efficiency in the operations of the inter-local health services.
Replication of Exemplary

Replication: Sharing Good Practices and Practical Solutions to Common Problems

By virtue of Administrative Order No. 2008-0006, dated January 22, 2008, the DOH has
adopted the integration of replication strategies in its operation.

Replication is learning from and sharing with others exemplary practices that are proven
and effective solutions to common and similar problems encountered by local
government units, with the least possible costs and effort. The underlying principle of
replication is to avoid reinventing the wheel and benefiting from already tested solutions.
LGUs can share lessons learned from practices that work, as well as share experiences
systematically. A structured organized process of replicating, including proper
dissemination of validated exemplary practices and making Lakbay Arals more
meaningful and useful, help ensure the chances of achieving best results. Replication
makes learning more interesting and exciting as one gets to see the model and its
benefits firsthand.
Criteria for Selecting Exemplary Health Practices

1. LGU-initiated solutions initiated to address one or more health issues or

problems encountered.

2. High level of sustainability

● Consistent with existing health policies

● LGU support
● Had been in place for more than three years
● Widely participated and supported by the communities
● Adopted as a permanent structure or program with regular budgetary support
● Community representation in decision making bodies and committees
3. Simple and doable so that they can be replicated within one year and a
half or less.

4. Cost effective and cost efficient

● Mobilization and utilization of indigenous resources
● Minimal support from external sources
5. Positive results on the beneficiaries and communities.

Other important factors to consider:

● Consistency with the thrusts or priorities of the Department of Health
● Willingness of the Host LGU to share its practice to others
● Demand for the practice from other LGUs
 LIFESTYLE-RELATED DISEASES
Non-communicable diseases that are considered as
lifestyle related and is mostly the result of unhealthy
habits includes:
● Hypertension
● Stroke
● Diabetes mellitus
● Lung/chronic respiratory diseases
● A range of cancers
Behavioral and modifiable risk factors such as:
● Smoking, alcohol abuse, consuming too much fat,
salt and sugar and physical inactivity have sparked
an epidemic of these NCDs which pose a public
threat and economic burden.
Objectives:
1. To raise the priority accorded to the prevention and control of
non-communicable diseases in national, regional and local
health and development plans
2. To strengthen leadership, governance, and multisectoral
actions for the prevention and control of non-communicable
diseases
3. To reduce modifiable risk factors for non-communicable
diseases and underlying social determinants through creation
of health-promoting environments
4. To strengthen health systems and increase access to quality
medicines, products and services, especially at the primary
health care level, towards attainment of universal health
coverage
5. To promote and support research and development for the
prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
6. To monitor the trends and determinants of non-communicable
diseases and evaluate progress in their prevention and control
Vision
A Philippines free from the avoidable burden of NCDs
Mission
Ensure sustainable health promoting environments
and accessible, cost-effective, comprehensive,
equitable and quality health care services for the
prevention and control of NCDs, and guided by the
principle of…
“Health in All, Health by All,
Health for All”
DOH MANAGEMENT FOR LRD
The DOH conducts the following programs every year to manage the case of lifestyle-related diseases in
the Philippines:
● Goiter Awareness Week
● National Cancer Consciousness Week
● Philippine Heart Month
● International Childhood Cancer Day
● Hypertension Awareness Month
● Cervical Cancer Consciousness Month
● International Thyroid Awareness Week
● World No Tobacco Day
● National No Smoking Month
● Nutrition Month
● Thyroid Cancer Awareness Week
● Obesity Awareness and Prevention Week
● Breast Cancer Awareness Month
● World Diabetes Day
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING MANAGEMENT
● Identify what kind of lifestyle-related disease the client has using the CHN assessment tool
For example: Client is hypertensive as evidenced by high in blood pressure (200/140mmHg) or the cilent is
diabetic aeb high glucose level taken recently

● Educate clients in the the importance of practicing healthy lifestyle

● Provide information for the treatment or prevention of the onset/exacerbation of lifestyle-related diseases,
and the maintenance of health

● Encourage the client to attend regularly the health consultation at their barangay health center (free
medication such as losartan)

● Advice to eat more nutritious foods such as green leafy vegetables than eating in fast food chains

● Educate client to avoid or lessen eating oily foods for hypertensive clients and to lessen eating foods high
in carbohydrates for diabetic clients
 MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions - disorders that affect your mood,
thinking and behavior.
Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and
addictive behaviors.
Through a comprehensive mental health program that includes a wide range of promotive, preventive,
treatment and rehabilitative services; that is for all individuals across the life course.
Vision
A society that promotes the well-being of all Filipinos, supported by transformative multi-sectoral
partnerships, comprehensive mental health policies and programs, and a responsive service delivery
network
Mission
To promote over-all wellness of all Filipinos, prevent mental, psychosocial, and neurologic disorders,
substance abuse and other forms of addiction, and reduce burden of disease by improving access to
quality care and recovery in order to attain the highest possible level of health to participate fully in
society.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions,
thoughts and behaviors.
Examples of signs and symptoms
include: - Detachment from reality (delusions),
- Feeling sad or down paranoia or hallucinations
- Confused thinking or reduced ability to - Inability to cope with daily problems or
stress
concentrate
- Trouble understanding and relating to
- Excessive fears or worries, or extreme
situations and to people
feelings of guilt
- Problems with alcohol or drug use
- Extreme mood changes of highs and lows
- Major changes in eating habits
- Withdrawal from friends and activities
- Excessive anger, hostility or violence
- Significant tiredness, low energy or
- Suicidal thinking
problems sleeping
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
Pay attention to warning signs. Notify the doctor or therapist if you notice any changes in
symptoms or how the client feel. Consider involving family members or friends to watch for
warning signs.
Get routine medical care. Advise client not to neglect checkups or skip visits to his or her
primary care provider, especially if they aren't feeling well. The client may have a new health
problem that needs to be treated, or may be experiencing side effects of medication.
Get help when they need it. Mental health conditions can be harder to treat if they wait until
symptoms get bad. Long-term maintenance treatment also may help prevent a relapse of
symptoms.
Take good care of yourself. Sufficient sleep, healthy eating and regular physical activity are
important. Try to maintain a regular schedule. Advise to talk to their primary care provider if
the client have trouble sleeping or if he or she has a questions about diet and physical
activity.
 DOH MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
September 10 - World Suicide Prevention Day
October 10 -World Mental Health Day
2nd Week of October - National Mental Week
 MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT
PROGRAM
Micronutrient deficiencies can cause inter-generational consequences. The level of
health care and nutrition that women receive before and during pregnancy, at childbirth
and immediately postpartum has significant bearing on the survival, growth and
development of their fetus and newborn.

Goal of Micronutrient:
Achievement of better health outcomes, sustained health financing and responsive
health system by ensuring that all Filipinos especially the disadvantaged group have
equitable access to affordable health care.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1. Severe hair loss
- When suddenly finding clumps of hair on your pillow or in your shower drain merits a
mention to your doctor. It could be a sign of bigger issues, such as low iron levels, which
affects your energy, or thyroid disease, which could lead to sudden unexplained weight
gain or weight loss.
2. Burning sensation in the feet or tongue
- B12 deficiency can create mild cognitive impairment, so if you're experiencing any
changes in memory, thinking or behavior, see your doctor. Over time, B12 deficiency can
permanently damage your nervous system, traveling up the spine and into the brain.
3. Wounds are slow to heal
If you are diligent about brushing and flossing daily and your gums are still red, swollen
and bleed, you might need to boost your vitamin C intake. Another sign might be that you
bruise easily.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
4. Bone pain
- this could be a sign of deficient in vitamin D.
5. Irregular heartbeat
- Calcium regulates your heartbeat, so a deficiency could cause an arrhythmia, or
irregular heartbeat, and even lead to chest pains.
Other signs you might not be getting enough calcium:
● Twitches around your face and mouth- calcium works with muscles to help them
contract properly.
● Muscle cramps- without enough calcium, the muscles do not fully relax.
● Fractures- calcium is needed for strong bones and without it, bone loss, or
osteoporosis, can lead to more fractures.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Encourage client to include iron-rich foods in their diet, such as spinach and beans.
2. Take B12 supplements will bring back and maintain proper B12 levels. The body does not create
B12 on its own. Healthy adults should take in 2.4 mg of B12 daily. For some, especially those with
autoimmune diseases, B12 must be taken in shot form to help carry B12 directly to stomach cells.
3. Eat more fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C, including kiwi, red bell peppers and, of course,
oranges
4. Healthy adults should get 60 mg of vitamin C each day.
5. For clients with vitamin D deficiency, advise to eat foods rich in vitamin D such as, sardines,
healthy canned tuna, oysters, shrimp and mushrooms. Tell the client that he or she can also get
their daily dose by going out into the sunshine for 10 minutes without sunscreen
6. For adult clients with low in calcium should receive 1,000 mg of calcium each day from food
sources and supplements. Calcium-rich foods include as salmon and sardines (both of which are
also excellent sources of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids) and dairy products — including skim
milk, and nonfat or lowfat yogurt.
 NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM
Family planning is defined as “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and
attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is
achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary
infertility.
Family planning serves three critical needs:
(1) it helps couples avoid unintended pregnancies
(2) it reduces the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
(3) by addressing the problem of STDs, it helps reduce rates of infertility.
 FAMILY PLANNING METHOD IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Commonly used family planning methods includes:
Pills
Condom
intrauterine device (IUD)
Male sterilization (Vasectomy)- keeps sperm out of ejaculated semen
Female sterilization (tubal ligation)- eggs are blocked from meeting sperm
Billings Ovulation methods
Standard Days Method and Lactational Amenorrhea Method
Traditional methods include calendar method, rhythm or periodic abstinence, and withdrawal
EDUCATE CLIENTS IN THE COMMUNITY ABOUT THESE
FOLLOWING FAMILY PLANNING METHODS:
BILLINGS OVULATION METHOD
- the cervical mucus method is based on careful observation of mucus patterns during your
menstrual cycle. Before ovulation, cervical secretions change — creating an environment that
helps sperm travel through the cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes to the egg.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
- the IUD release copper into the womb. The copper alters the cervical mucus, which makes it
more difficult for sperm to reach an egg and survive.
STANDARD DAYS METHOD
- it is a fertility awareness-based family planning method that identifies a 12-day fertile window
during which women with regular menstrual cycles (26–32 days long) should abstain from sex or
use a barrier method to prevent pregnancy.
- users must avoid unprotected sexual intercourse on days 8–19 of the menstrual cycle
EDUCATE CLIENTS IN THE COMMUNITY ABOUT THESE
FOLLOWING FAMILY PLANNING METHODS:
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD
- Is a natural, short term birth control method in which a woman relies on exclusive
breastfeeding after birth to prevent pregnancy
- Suckling induces a reduction in gonadotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone
and follicle stimulating hormone release, resulting in amenorrhea, through an
intracerebral opioid pathway: beta-endorphins inhibit gonadotropin releasing hormone
and dopamine secretions, which, in turn stimulates prolactin secretion and milk
production
- When prolactin levels increase, the production and secretion of another hormone,
gonadotrophin releasing hormone are inhibited.
 NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM
Vision
For Filipino women and men achieve their desired family size and fulfill the reproductive health and
rights for all through universal access to quality family planning information and services.
Mission
In line with the Department of Health FOURmula One Plus strategy and Universal Health Care
framework, the National Family Planning Program is committed to provide responsive policy
direction and ensure access of Filipinos to medically safe, legal, non-abortifacient, effective, and
culturally acceptable modern family planning (FP) methods.
Objectives
To increase modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (mCPR) among all women from 24.9% in 2017
to 30% by 2022
To reduce the unmet need for modern family planning from 10.8% in 2017 to 8% by 2022
ORAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Why is oral health important?
● Oral Health is fundamental to overall health, well-being and quality of life. A healthy
mouth enables people to eat, speak and socialize without pain, discomfort or
embarrassment.
How can one avail of the services?

● The services of the DOH and the LGUs can be availed at the Rural Health Units
(RHUs), urban health centers, districts and provincial/city hospitals.
● For Pregnant women, you must visit the dentist during your pre-natal check-ups.
● DepEd Services can be availed in the school health clinics during school health
days.
Symptoms of dental and oral problems
If you experience any of the following warning signs of dental health issues, you should make an appointment to see your dentist as soon as
possible:

● ulcers, sores, or tender areas in the mouth that won’t heal after a week or two
● bleeding or swollen gums after brushing or flossing
● chronic bad breath
● sudden sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures or beverages
● pain or toothache
● loose teeth
● receding gums
● pain with chewing or biting
● swelling of the face and cheek
● clicking of the jaw
● cracked or broken teeth
● frequent dry mouth

If any of these symptoms are accompanied by a high fever and facial or neck swelling, you should seek emergency medical treatment.
What can go wrong?

Risks and complications of untreated periodontal disease include:

● tooth abscesses
● other infections
● migration of your teeth
● pregnancy complications
● exposure of the roots of your teeth
● oral cancer
● tooth loss
● increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and respiratory
diseases
Treating dental and oral problems
Even if you’ve been taking good care of your teeth, you’ll still need to have a
professional cleaning twice a year during a routine visit with your dentist. Your dentist will
recommend other treatments if you show signs of gum disease, infections, or other problems.

● Cleaning
● Fluoride treatments
● Antibiotics
● Fillings, crowns, and sealants
Keeping your teeth and gums healthy
Good oral health boils down to good general health and common sense.
The best ways to prevent oral health problems are to:

● brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day

● floss at least once a day (one of the most beneficial things you can do
to prevent disease in your oral cavity)
● have your teeth cleaned by a dental professional every six months
● avoid tobacco products
● follow a high-fiber, low-fat, low-sugar diet that includes plenty of fruits
and vegetables
● limit sugary snacks and drinks
 PHILIPPINE CANCER CONTROL
PROGRAM
Cancer is one of the four epidemic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or
lifestyle-related diseases (LRDs) which include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes
mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases. According to Dr. Antonio Miguel Dans
in his paper “Introduction to Non-Communicable Diseases” in August 2014, the
NCDs are now considered a “silent disaster” of massive proportion that is
ravaging the Filipino population, killing 300,000 victims a year, 800 every day,
and 33 every hour.
 Signs and symptoms of cancer
Here are some of the more common signs and symptoms that may be caused by cancer. However, any of these can
be caused by other problems as well.
● Fatigue or extreme tiredness that doesn’t get better with rest.
● Weight loss or gain of 10 pounds or more for no known reason
● Eating problems such as not feeling hungry, trouble swallowing, belly pain, or nausea and vomiting
● Swelling or lumps anywhere in the body
● Thickening or lump in the breast or other part of the body
● Pain, especially new or with no known reason, that doesn’t go away or gets worse
● Skin changes such as a lump that bleeds or turns scaly, a new mole or a change in a mole, a sore
that does not heal, or a yellowish color to the skin or eyes (jaundice).
The signs and symptoms listed above are the more common ones seen with cancer,
but there are many others that are not listed here. If you notice any major changes
in the way your body works or the way you feel especially if it lasts for a long time or
gets worse let a doctor know.
 Treatments
Cancer treatment options include:

● Surgery.
● Chemotherapy.
● Radiation therapy.
● Bone marrow transplant.
● Immunotherapy.
● Hormone therapy.
● Targeted drug therapy.
Cancer Awareness Campaigns

1. National Cancer Consciousness Week January

2. Colon and Rectal Cancer Awareness Month March

3. Cancer in Children Awareness Month April

4. Cervical Cancer Awareness Month May

5. Prostate Cancer Awareness Month June

6. Lung Cancer Awareness Month August

7. Liver Cancer Awareness Month September

8. Breast Cancer Awareness Month October

November
9. Cancer Pain Awareness Month
PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS PROGRAM
● The right to sight is a global initiative to eliminate avoidable
blindness by the year 2020.
● The program is a partnership between the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the International Agency For Prevention
Of Blindness ( IAPB)
● Which is umbrella organization for eye care professional groups
and non-governmental organization (NGOs) involved in eye care.
● The long term aim of VISION 2020 is to develop a sustainable
comprehensive health care system to ensure the best possible
vision for all people and thereby improve quality of life.
The Priority Worldwide Are The 5
Preventable/Treatable Conditions:
● Cataract
● Refractive Errors
● Childhood Blindness
Cataract
● The opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye, is
the most common cause of blindness worldwide.
● It is the cause of 62% of all blindness in the Philippines and
found mostly in older age groups.
● The only cure for cataract blindness is surgery.
● Interventions will consist of increasing awareness about
cataract and cataract surgery
● Improving the delivery of cataract services.
Refractive Errors
● Is the most common cause of visual impairment in the country
(prevalence is 2.06% in the population).
● Corrected either with spectacle glasses, contact lenses or
surgery.
● the services to address the problem of EOR are provided
mainly by optometrists.
Childhood Blindness
● The prevalence of blindness among children (up to age
19) is 0.16% while the prevalence of visual impairment in
the same age group is 0.43%.
● The problem of childhood blindness is the highly
specialized services that are needed to diagnose and
treat it.
● Screening of children for any sign of visual impairment
can be done by pediatricians, school clinics and health
workers.
PROVINCE WIDE INVESTMENT PLAN
FOR HEALTH(PIPH)
● PIPH is a medium term development plan that serves as the
key instrument in building the DOH-LGU partnership, in
collaboration with international development partners and
other local stakeholders, to attain the health sector reform
goals. PIPH translates national health goals (NOH, MTPDP &
MDGs) into specific concrete actions (PPAs) at the local levels.
WHAT IS THE CURRENT STATUS OF PIPH?

● All eighty (80) provinces nationwide have an approved JAC recommended

PIPH.
● The PIPH of F16 provinces will end in December of this year (2010). 2010 AOP
is the 3rd AOP of F15 provinces; 2nd AOP of ARMM and F44 provinces.

WHAT IS THE LEGAL BASIS TO IMPLEMENT A PIPH?

● The legal basis of LGU & DOH to implement a PIPH is the Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) entered by the LGU represented by the Provincial Governor
and the DOH represented by the Secretary of Health. It is guided by DOH
Administrative Order No. 2007-0034 that sets the policy and operational
framework for PIPH development.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PIPH?
● Serves as vehicle for implementing and consolidating support for health
reforms to achieve health sector goals of better health outcomes, more
responsive health system, and equitable health care financing through
DOH-LGU partnership representing all interests, activities, investments
of stakeholders for health in a Province-Wide Health System (PWHS).

WHAT IS THE REFORM STRATEGY USE IN PIPH?

● Formula One for health is the reform strategy in PIPH; it utilizes four reform pillars
namely; Service Delivery, Health Care Financing, Health Regulation and Governance.
WHAT IS THE TIMEFRAME OF PIPH IMPLEMENTATION?
● The timeframe for PIPH implementation is five years; 2006 to 2010 for the 16
pilot convergence provinces (F16); followed by 15 roll-out provinces (F15) and
ARMM provinces (2008 to 2012) and finally the 44 rollout provinces (F44) from
2009 to 2013.
● The timelines for the attainment of NOH & MTPDP goals is 2010 and for the
attainment of MDGs is 2015.
WHAT IS THE TOOL USE TO MONITOR PIPH IMPLEMENTATION?
● DOH use LGU scorecard to monitor the implementation of PIPH. Performance
in the agreed indicators in the SLA is Green or Excellent for LGU who met their
2010 targets, yellow or good rating if performance is below 2010 target but
equal or higher than 2006 baseline average, and red or poor performance if
below the 2006 baseline.
● DOH encourages the provinces to go for Green or excellent performance by
providing performance base grants (variable tranche) for performing provinces.
PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATE
DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM (PHADP)
Background/Description:
● The overall goal of Universal Health Care or Kalusugan Pangkalahatan is to
improve health outcomes, provide financial risk protection and provide quality
access to health services especially to the poor.
● With this, the Department of Health (DOH) through its Deployment of Human
Resources for Health (HRH) Program deploys doctors, nurses, midwives,
dentists and other health professionals as a strategy in support to the
attainment of Universal Health Care.
● PHADP is a two-year project to employ PHAs that are assigned in areas
identified by the DOH, giving priority to municipalities under the 43 provinces
identified by the Department of Budget and Management as Focus
Geographical Areas. Deployment of PHAs nationwide started on 2015.
Objectives:
The PHA Deployment Program aims to:
a. Augment the workforce in the rural health units from identified municipalities
of needed public health associates;
b. Improve performance of health systems in the Rural Health Units;
c. Provide work experience and employment for public health graduates in rural
areas and underserved communities; and
d. Enhance the competencies of the public health associates aligned with the
demand in the work environment.
Minimum Qualification Standards:
● Education: Graduates of any four year health-related courses
Functions of PHAs

a. Participate in the development of health related programs and strategies;

b. Assist in the preparation of project proposals, plans, health promotion and
communication materials and other related documents;
c. Assist in the collection and validation of health related data/information; and
d. Participate in the analysis of health related data/information.
e. Assist in the encoding/updating of data/information in the established DOH
information Systems.
f. Submit health reports/data/information to DOH Regional Office and Central
Office.
g. Coordinate with different stakeholders for the submission of national health
data reports.
Target Population/Client:
a. All 1,634 municipalities and cities nationwide
b. National Government Priority Areas
- 44 Focus Geographical Areas (FGA) with 1,045 Municipalities
- Accelerated and Sustainable Anti-Poverty (ASAP) municipalities
- Whole Nation Initiative (WNI) municipalities
- Areas with Bottom-Up Budgeting (BuB) programs
- Geographic location and socio-economic classification of the area (GIDA, ICC/IP
areas, national priority areas
for poverty reduction)
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
FOR HEALTH PROGRAM
Vision
● The Unit shall serve as the champion of Public-Private Partnerships for the
health sector’s sustainable development in universal health care, service
delivery network and services for the well and sick.
Mission
● The Unit shall facilitate and optimize Public-Private Partnerships in the health
sector for the development of health infrastructure and services.
Core Values
● Professionalism
● Passion for health service excellence
● Pro-active
● Humanistic
Program Services
● Channeling of health-related investments
● Concept planning in PPPs for Health
● Assistance in project development financing
● Project processing
● PPP capacity building services
● PPP knowledge management services
Stakeholders/Beneficiaries
● Public healthcare facilities
● National and local government agencies
● Healthcare personnel
● Healthcare clients
● Bilateral/ Multi-lateral financial institutions

Partner Organizations and Agencies/ Networks:

● Department of Trade and Industry - Board of Investments (DTI-BOI)
● National Economic Development Authority (NEDA)
● Public Private Partnership Center (PPPC)
● World Bank-International Finance Corporation (WB-IFC)
● Japan International Cooperating Agency (JICA)
Objectives
● Develop and integrate in the over-all PPP effort, incentives, which are
aligned with both departmental goals and expected health outcomes;
● Promote and provide a focused approach that harmonizes existing PPP
applicable legal and administrative mandates as well as internal strategies
and procedures;
● Prioritize PPPs that meet national and local government objectives of
addressing adequately the health service needs of the poor;
● Foster a culture of transparency, fairness and robust competition; and
● Continually assess the collective experiences on PPPs in the health sector
so as to be able to adapt public policies and approaches to new
developments and needs to sustain accessibility to quality healthcare.