BIOMES

Ramos, Joneric S.
BSA, ACC202
Five major types of biomes: 

■ Aquatic
■ Grassland
■ Forest
■ Dessert
■ Tundra

■ Land and Water Biomes

■ aquatic biomes or water Biomes are lakes and ponds, rivers and seas,
oceans, estuaries, coral reefs, wetlandds, mangroves, and intertidal
zones.
■ aquatic biome can be broken down into two basic areas, freshwater (i.e,
ponds and rivers) and marine (i.e, oceans and estuaries).
■ The aquatic biomes, or ecosystems, of the world include freshwater and
saltwater biomes. Freshwater biomes comprise rivers and streams, lakes and
ponds, and wetlands. A saltwater biome could consist of oceans, coral reefs,
estuaries, etc. A huge number of species of plants and animals live in aquatic
biomes
Freshwater of biomes
■ Lakes and Ponds represent a freshwater biome
■ A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than
a lake. Defining them to be less than 5 hectares in area, less than 5 meters
deep, and with less than 30% emergent vegetation helps in distinguishing their
ecology from that of lakes and wetlands
■ In a large pond you may find mammals such as water voles and water
shrews and birds like ducks, herons and kingfishers. Even the smallest
pond will have a population of amphibians (frogs, toads and newts), small fish,
sticklebacks, and a huge variety of invertebrates (minibeasts).
■ Plants found in ponds grow in watery places or the places which remain very
wet throughout the year. Commonly found plants are the lotus, water lily,
hydrilla, hyacinth etc.
Freshwater of biomes
■ Streams and rivers of the freshwater biome
■ A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an
ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground
and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of
water
■ Fish living in freshwater habitats have plenty of company. Snails, worms,
turtles, frogs, marsh birds, mollusks, alligators, beavers, otters, snakes,
and many types of insects live there too. Some unusual animals, like the river
dolphin and the diving bell spider, are freshwater creatures.
■ Plants That Can Grow Near Rivers and Streams are Algae Adaptations,
Arrowhead, Aquatic Trees, Bladderwort, Berry Bushes, Cattail, Dwarf
Spikerush, Hydrilla etc.
Saltwater or Marine Biomes
■ Marine biome is a division of aquatic biome, which also consists of freshwater
biome. It is a unique collection of underwater ecosystems, which supports a
wide range of animals, plants, and conditions. Marine biome is, essentially, an
oceanic ecosystem
■ Some 300,000 marine species are known to science—about 15 percent of all
the species identified on the planet. But the sea is so vast that a million or
more as yet unknown species may live in its waters. Most of these aquatic
species are tied together through the food web examples are Fish - Sharks,
swordfish, tuna, clown fish, grouper, stingray, flatfish, eels, rockfish, seahorse,
sunfish mola, and gars, Marine mammals - Blue whales, seals, walruses,
dolphins, manatees, and otters, Mollusks - Octopus, cuttlefish, clams, conch,
squids, oysters, slugs, and snails.
■ There are five types of ocean plants: phytoplankton, red algae, kelp, seagrass,
and sargassum. These sea plants fall into three groups: euphotic (sunlight),
disphotic (twilight), and aphotic (midnight). Which group they are in is
dependent on how much sunlight they need to survive and grow.
 Streams, River

Aquatic
Grass Land Biomes
■ The grassland biome is made up of large open areas of grasses. They are
maintained by grazing animals and frequent fires. Types of grasslands include
savannas and temperate grasslands.
■ animals in the grassland biome are gazelles, zebras, rhinoceroses, wild horses,
lions, wolves, prairie dogs, jack rabbits, deer, mice, coyotes, foxes, skunks,
badgers, blackbirds, grouses, meadowlarks, quails, sparrows, hawks, owls,
snakes, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, and spiders.
■ The various species of grasses include purple needlegrass, blue grama, buffalo
grass, and galleta. Flowers include asters, blazing stars, coneflowers,
goldenrods, sunflowers, clovers, psoraleas, and wild indigos. Precipitation in the
temperate grasslands usually occurs in the late spring and early summer.
Grass Land
Forest Land Biomes
■ The forest biome encompasses any habitat on land that is dominated by trees,
and the characteristic communities of plants, animals, and other organisms that
inhabit these regions. The three major types of forest are temperate, tropical,
and boreal forest.
■ animal is a forest biome are Insects, spiders, slugs, frogs, turtles and
salamanders are common. In North America, birds like broad-winged hawks,
cardinals, snowy owls, and pileated woodpeckers are found in this biome.
Mammals in North American temperate deciduous forests include white-tailed
deer, raccoons, opossums, porcupines and red foxes.
■ Lichen, moss, ferns, wildflowers and other small plants can be found on the
forest floor. Shrubs fill in the middle level and hardwood trees like maple, oak,
birch, magnolia, sweet gum and beech make up the third level and trees are in
the forest biomes are Conifers, spruce, fir, and pine trees are the predominant
needle-leaf plant species in boreal forests. Moose and deer are just a couple of
examples of large herbivorous mammals in this environment.
Dessert Land Biomes
■ Desert biomes-Deserts are extremely dry environments that are home to well-
adapted plants and animals. The main types of deserts include hot and dry
deserts, semi-arid deserts, coastal deserts, and cold deserts. There are four
types of deserts: subtropical deserts are hot and dry year-round; coastal deserts
have cool winters and warm summers; cold winter deserts have long, dry
summers and low rainfall in the winter; polar deserts are cold year-round.
■ In deserts, you'll usually see a lot of open soil and rocks and not much grass or
other kinds of plants. Animals that live in deserts include lizards, geckos, toads,
jackrabbits, camels, snakes, spiders and meerkats. Camels are among the most
famous of all desert animals. These hoofed mammals are a common sight in
many desert regions, where they were domesticated around 4,000 years ago.
■ The plants living in this type of desert include the salt bush, buckwheat bush,
black bush, rice grass, little leaf horsebrush, black sage, and chrysothamnus.
Some animals have specialized adaptations for dealing with the desert heat and
lack of water.
Tundra- Land Biomes
■ Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word
tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes,
extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing
seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool. In areas dominated
by the tundra climate type, winters are long and cold (temperatures may be
below 0 °C [32 °F] for 6 to 10 months), especially in the region north of the
Arctic Circle where, for at least one day in the year, the Sun does not rise.
■ Animals found in the Arctic tundra include herbivorous mammals (lemmings,
voles, caribou, arctic hares, and squirrels), carnivorous mammals (arctic foxes,
wolves, and polar bears), fish (cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout), insects
(mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, and blackflies), and birds (ravens,
snow buntings etc.
■ Plants in the tundra are low growing plants. Arctic Moss, Arctic Willow, Caribou
Moss, Labrador Tea, Arctic Poppy, Cotton Grass, Lichens and Moss