META

COG
NITION
"Thinking about
thinking."
 Presentors

Rocky and Ley will be our

presenters for today.

Rocky

Ley
 Today's Topic

DISC USSION POINT S

• Metacognition
• Proponents of Metacognition

John Locke
John Spencer
John Dewey
G. Counts
T. Brameld
P. Fraire
 What is Metacognition?
The father of metacognition, J.H. Flavell defines it in broad terms as being
“knowledge about knowledge”, meaning that it refers to the information an individual
possesses about his own cognitive processes and products.

• THINKING ABOUT THINKING

• knowing about knowing
• cognition about cognition
• Learning how to learn
Fogarty (1994) suggests that Metacognition is a process that spans three
distinct phases, and that, to be successful thinkers, students must do the
following:

DEVELOP A MONITOR E VA L U AT I O N
PLAN U N D E R S TA N D I N
G
 John
Locke

PHILOSOPHY

P HIL OS OP HER
mentioned the concept of children
reflecting on their own thinking

ENGLIS H
process, which is the basis of
metacognition.
 J OHN SPENC ER
T HE POWER OF METAC OGNITI ON
 John
Dewey
Educational philosopher John Dewey believed that we actually
learn more from thinking about our experiences than from the
actual experiences themselves.
George S. Counts

Challenged teachers and teacher

educators to use school as a
means for critiquing and
transforming the social order.

1889?-
 Counts philosophy involved ten fallacies

MAN IS BORN E D U C AT I O N I S E D U C AT I O N I S
FREE SOME PURE P R I M A R I LY
AND MYSTICAL INTELLECTUALIST
A CHILD IS GOOD ESSENCE IC IN ITS
B Y N AT U R E PROCESSES AND
SCHOOL GOALS
THE CHILD LIVES SHOULD BE
I N A S E PA R AT E I M PA RT I A L I N SCHOOL IS AN
WORLD OF HIS ITS EMPHASES ALL-POWERFUL
OWN E D U C AT I O N
THE OBJECT OF AGENCY
A DYNAMIC E D U C AT I O N
SOCIETY IGNORANCE
R AT H E R T H A N
KNOWLEDGE IS
T H E WAY O F
WISDOM
Theodore
Brameld
The Prophet Father of the
Coming World (1904-1987)
was a leading educational
philosopher of the 20th
century. As an American
educator and educational
philosopher, Brameld was
best known as the founder of
Social Reconstructionism. In
the early 1950s, Brameld
outlined the distinctive
features of Social
Reconstructionism
 •believed in a commitment to building a new culture in which the
common people would emerge as the leaders of society.

•he felt that the working people should control all principal institutions
and resources if the world is to become genuinely democratic.
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
FEATURES OF SOCIAL

•believed that the school should help the individual, not only to
develop socially, but to learn how to participate in social planning as
well.

•believed learners must be convinced of the validity and urgency of

change but must adhere to democratic procedures.
 Paulo Freire (1921—1997)
•Freire is very critical of teachers who see themselves as the sole possessors of knowledge
while they see their students as empty receptacles into which teachers must deposit their
knowledge. He calls this pedagogical approach the “banking method” of education. The
banking method of education is characterized as a vertical relationship.

•The critical pedagogy that Freire proposes allows for a horizontal type of relationship.
This relationship is democratic insofar as both the teacher and the student are willing and
open to the possibility of learning from each other. With this type of relationship, no one is
above anyone, and there is mutual respect. Both the teacher and the student acknowledge
that they each have different experiences and expertise to offer to each other so that both
can benefit from the other to learn and grow as human beings.
Helpful Resources
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1141767.pdf
https://spencerauthor.com/metacognition/
https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1005&context=community_of_scholars
http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/nadams/educ692/
Counts.html
http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/nadams/educ692/
Brameld.html
https://iep.utm.edu/freire/