LESSON 7

SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE

Objectives:
 1. Enumerate instances on how science is observed in our daily
lives.
 2. Interrelate science concepts to the activities of our daily lives.
SCIENCE
 Science is a systematic and logical study towards how the
universe works. It is a dynamic subject, it can also be defined
as the systematic study of the nature and behavior of the
material and physical universe, based on observation,
experiment, and measurement, and the formulation of laws
to describe these facts in general terms.
 Science is one of the greatest blessings to the mankind. It has
played a major role in improving the quality of living of the
man. Science is omnipresent and omnipotent in every walk of
our life. In every inch of our body, science is the protagonist.
 There are different types of sciences:
1. Physical Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy and Earth
science are branches of physical sciences.
2. Life Sciences: Biology and Social sciences are branches of
life sciences.
3. Applied Sciences: Engineering and Health care are branches
of applied sciences.

Science is involved in cooking, eating, breathing, driving,

playing, etc. The fabric we wear, the brush and paste we use,
the shampoo, the talcum powder, the oil we apply, everything is
the consequence of advancement of science. Life is
unimaginable without all this, as it has become a necessity.
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD
 1. Defining research problem
 2. Hypothesis
 3. Observation and experimentation
 4. Conclusions
Example of the Scientific Method

To better understand the process of the scientific method, take a look

at the following example:
Problem: My toaster doesn’t work.
Question: Is something wrong with my electrical outlet?
Hypothesis: If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffeemaker
also won’t work when plugged into it.
Experiment: I plug my coffeemaker into the outlet.
Result/Observation: My coffeemaker works!
Conclusion: My electrical outlet works, coz my coffeemaker works
then there is nothing wrong with my power outlet. My toaster is
broken! =(
From this point, the process would be repeated with a refined
hypothesis
LESSON 8

Science, Technology and the

Human Condition
Objectives:
 1. Describe how science and technology affect the human
condition.
 2. Recognize possibilities available to human being to attain the
good life.
 In present global situation, numerous powerful
technologies have been developed to assist people in
households and offices.
 Faster communication is made possible through mobile
phones and the Internet. New technology impacts our
daily lives in every field, from the cars, cell phones,
computers and networks and power. In fact, humans
have always been greatly affected with the
developments in new technology.
 Itis appraised by experts that continual progression of
new technology and science made human life simpler.
 Works can be done easier through high-tech machines
and equipment.
 Through science and technology, it is easier for
inhabitants to communicate with other people around
the globe.
 With the arrival of the internet and the cell phone, kids
are also benefited. This new technology to the older
generation is novice and unique in their lives.
 (health sciences) it is believed that scientific
discovery and technological innovations in
medical science will be able to cure cancer, HIV-
AIDS and other life threatening diseases. New
medical technology is being continuously
developed, from clinical trials for pharmaceuticals
to robotics for complex surgery.
 Science and technology is major threads of global
society to live in enhanced way. Technological
advancements have shown a substantial growth
concerned with each and every field whether it be
the communication systems, astronomy,
semiconductor devices, automobiles, and
electronic devices of daily usage, bio-electronic
devices, building and architectural design
techniques or the computers, and to the field of
health.
LESSON 9

Science, Technology and

Nichomachean Ethics
Objectives:
 1. Identify and explain the Nichomachean ethics.
 2. Describe the relationship of science and technology to
Nichomachean ethics.
 What does it mean to be happy and to live a good life?
 How do we focus on what matters and live up to our own
potential?
 Why do some people succeed while others merely get by?

These simple and essential questions have been with us for

millennia and most of us find ourselves wondering about them
as we mature. If you’ve wondered about them, you’re in good
company with a long line of philosophers, spiritual teachers, and
religious leaders.
One of the most thorough and compelling discussions of the
above questions was posed by Aristotle. Given that these
questions focus on human conduct, they are ethical questions. 
In the following brief discussion, Nicomachean is covered under
Aristotelian’s ethics.
1. Everyone Seeks Eudaimonia (flourishing/happiness)

 Eudaimonia is Greek and translates literally to

“having good demons.” Many authors translate it
as “happiness,” but “Well-being” and “flourishing”
are closer to what Aristotle means, and someone
who is flourishing is living The Good Life.
 According to Aristotle, all humans seek to
flourish. It’s the proper and desired end of all of
our actions.
1In Aristotle’s schema, there are four aspects of human nature, and he is often quoted as saying
“Man is a political creature.” Aristotle’s meaning is much richer than the way it’s translated,
though, because he means that “man is a rational creature who lives in poleis (societies).”
 We are physical beings (because we are animals). As physical beings, 
we require nourishment, exercise, rest, and all the other things that it takes to keep our bodies
functioning properly.
 We are emotional beings (because we are animals). What separates animals from plants,
according to Aristotle, is that animals have wants, desires, urges, and reactions. We perceive
something in the world that we want and we have the power of volition to get it; likewise, we
have the power to avoid the things we don’t want. For humans, these wants can get pretty
complex, but at rock bottom we all have (emotional) needs and wants that spring from rather
basic sources.
 We are social beings (because humans live in groups). We must live and function in
particular societies. “No man is an island,” and we are the type of being that does well only in
social settings. Our social nature stacks on top of our emotional nature, such that we have
wants and needs that we would not have were we not social creatures. For example, if we
were the type of creature that flourished as hermits, the need for trust and friendly
cooperation would not be nearly so pressing.
 We are rational beings. What made humans human was our rationality. We are creative,
expressive, knowledge-seeking, and able to obey reason. We might not always obey reason
and we may sometimes not want to exercise our minds, but a large part of our existence
relates to our being rational animals.
2. VIRTUES
A virtue is a trait of character that enables a person to flourish.
The Doctrine of the Mean
This is a key phrase to understand Aristotle. Consider the
virtue of bravery, for example. An excess of bravery leads
people to do really stupid things; an example is the frat-brat
who’ll jump off the fraternity house roof or follow leaders to
fight other frat groups just because leaders tell him so, just to
prove how brave he is. It’s not brave; it’s rash. On the other
hand, people who have a deficiency of bravery are cowards;
they won’t put their ass on the line for anything. The virtue of
bravery lies somewhere in between the deficiency of bravery
(cowardliness) and the excess of bravery (rashness).
So it is with all of the different virtues: the virtuous trait is
that which is between the deficiency of that trait and the
excess of that trait.
 “Every human activity aims at some end
that we consider Good”
 Aristotle's philosophy has underpinned the
achievements of the Renaissance and of all scientific
advances and technological progress to this very day.
 Aristotle, the teacher of those who know, defended
reason, invented logic, focused on reality, and
emphasized the importance of life on earth. The
importance of reality, reason, and logic in Aristotelian
philosophy has enabled science and technology to
develop and flourish. 
 Aristotle teaches that each man's life has a purpose
and that the function of one's life is to attain that
purpose: to have GOOD LIFE and attain
HAPPINESS.
 In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses eleven
virtues: courage, temperance, generosity,
magnificence, magnanimity, right ambition, good
temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, and justice.
Virtue ethics is based on the character of human
beings.
 If man is virtuous, then his scientific
discoveries and inventions will also aim in the
attainment of GOOD life and
HAPPINESS/FLOURISH.
Hence, in order for one to be a moral person, one
needs to develop or cultivate his virtues. By doing
so, one manages to flourish as a human being and
when one flourishes (as a human being) one
becomes a morally good person.
-end-