GENERAL
PHYSICS 1
MR. MARVIN M. MERCADO
STEM ENG 2A
STEM MED 2A
STEM MED 2B
STEM MED 2C
STEM MED 2D
TIPS TO LEARN PHYSICS
EFFECTIVELY
1. FOCUS – Empty your cup. Avoid distractions.
2. LISTEN –Listen actively and try your best to
comprehend.
3. LEARN THE BASICS – Learn the fundamental
concepts in Mathematics
4. WORK ON IT – Don’t just listen. Get a paper and pen,
solve. Ask or search on things you do not know.
5. DON’T GIVE UP! – Not everything will be learned in
one try. Work hard and solve again.
6. PRACTICE – Answer extra exercises or solve Physics
exercises even after classes.
ETYMOLOGY OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS
Physics is a branch of science
concerning the study of natural
phenomena, that is, properties of
matter and energy, together with
their interactions.
PHYSICS
Classical Physics – concerns on motion and energy
- Mechanics – deals with force, motion, inertia and energy, as
well as the properties and laws for both solids and liquids
- Heat – temperature measurement, effect of temperature in
different materials, heat flow, and thermodynamics
- Sound – vibrations as waves
- Optics – nature and properties of light and vision, principles
of reflection and refraction
- Electricity and Magnetism – aspects of matter and space
with charged particles and current as key concepts
PHYSICS
Modern Physics – scientific beliefs about the basic
structure of the material world
- Nuclear or Atomic Physics – deals with radiactivity
and production of nuclear energy
- Astrophysics – explains the celestial phenomena
- Relativity – theory that take place in a frame of
reference that is in motion with respect to the
observer
- Particle Physics – studies the elementary
constituents of matter and radiation
EVOLUTION OF MEASUREMENTS
TWO TYPES OF QUANTITIES
IN MEASUREMENTS
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
DERIVED QUANTITIES
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
These are the quantities that can be determined by
means of specified instruments. These are the
foundation of the quantities that are derived.
Examples of fundamental quantities:
1) Length – linear distance between two points
2) Mass – amount of matter an object contains
3) Time – interval between two successive events
4) Temperature – degree of hotness or coldness
(kinetic energy of the molecules in the body)
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
Examples of fundamental quantities: (continuation)
5) Electric current – electric flow from negative to
positive charge
6) Luminous intensity – brightness of light in its
source
7) Amount of substance – number of atoms or
molecules that make up the substance
DERIVED QUANTITIES
These are the quantities that result from the
combination of two or more fundamental quantities,
or one simple derived quantity and a fundamental
quantity by applying mathematical operations.
Examples of derived quantities:
1) Area – number of square units in a certain object or
body
2) Volume – number of cubic units in an object or body
3) Speed – rate at which a body moves
DERIVED QUANTITIES
Examples of derived quantities: (continuation)
4) Acceleration – rate of change in the velocity
of a moving body
5) Density – ratio of the mass of the body to
the space it occupies
6) Pressure – force exerted by a material on a
unit area
MEASUREMENT
Measurement is a process of determining how large or
small something is as compared to a certain standard.
Components of Measurements:
1) Numerical value – the quantitative data of
measurements
2) Unit – the symbol of the measurements (indicates
the standard against which the measured quantity is
compared)
Unit
Example: 2m is used to name the measurement “two
meters” Numerical
Value
SYSTEM OF UNITS
This is the complete set of fundamental and derived
quantities. Set of units is chosen so that many significant
equations of Physics are simplified.
Three fundamental sets of units of measurement
1) Metric System of Measurement – a system based on the
meter unit. It is a decimal system with measured property
expressed by powers of 10.
2) English System of Measurement – a system which uses the
standard units of pound (for mass) , feet (for length), and
second (for time)
3) SI Units (System Internationale d’ Unites) – formerly the MKS
units of the metric system
SYSTEM OF UNITS
This can be found in our core
textbook, page 9
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
Suppose you are an intern
chemist. You are given a task of
transferring 5.3 quarts of a
certain liquid to another
container. However, a container
with specific measurement of 1
liter is the only available
measuring container in your
laboratory. What would you do to
accomplish the task?
CONVERSION OF UNITS
CONVERSION OF UNITS IS
THE ANSWER
5.3 QUARTS = ? LITERS
Conversion of units is the
changing of one unit to another
unit within the same system or
between two different systems
of measurement. This is done
according to appropriateness of
the needs of an individual.
CONVERSION OF UNITS
Sample Problem 1: Suppose you are an intern chemist. You are
given a task of transferring 5 quarts of a certain liquid to
another container. However, a container with specific
measurement of 1 liter is the only available measuring
container in your laboratory. What would you do to accomplish
the task?
Unit Plan: 5.3 quarts = ? liters
Conversion Factor: 1 liter = 1.06 quarts (see page 10)
Solution: 5.3 quarts x =
=
= 5 liters (this is what we call cancellation of units)
Final Answer: Convert 5.3 quarts to 5 liters
COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS
Note: This can be found in our core
textbook, page 10
CONVERSION OF UNITS
Example 2: Convert 2.5 km to m .
Example 3: Convert 2.5 mi to m.
Example 4: Convert 25.2 km/h to cm/min
Solutions on
whiteboard
COMPREHENSION CHECKPOINT
Red – I am confused
and need help to
understand the lesson.
Yellow – I somewhat
understand and need
more examples to
understand the lesson.
Green – I understood
the lesson and ready
for some exercises.
CONVERSION OF UNITS
Example 2: Convert 2.5 km to m .
Example 3: Convert 2.5 mi to m. Solutions on
Example 4: Convert 25.2 km/h to whiteboard
cm/min
PRACTICE EXERCISE:
Example 5: Convert 540 in. to yd.
YOUR TURN!
Example 6: Convert 3.25 mi to m.
ACCURACY VS PRECISION
Suppose 10 intern chemists are
given a task of transferring 5.3
quarts of a certain liquid to
another container individually.
However, a container with
specific measurement of 1 liter is
the only available measuring
container in the laboratory. How
can accuracy and precision be
explained in this scenario?
From the scenario, precision talks about how
much closer are the data of the intern
chemists with each other supposing they
transferred the liquid several times.
Accuracy is how much closer the data is to
the actual or correct value (which we solved in
the conversion of units; 5.3 quarts is equal to
5 liters).
ACCURACY AND PRECISION
