Background Information
Scientists in the early 1860s had
a similar problem like the mixed
up DVDs when looking at
Elements.
Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a
pattern to the Elements in 1869.
Background Information
Mendeleev found that when
elements were arranged by similar
properties, the pattern was
“periodic” (repeating every seven
elements). Therefore, the name
The Periodic Table of Elements.
The Father of the Periodic Table—
Dimitri Mendeleev
• Mendeleev was the first scientist
to notice the relationship between
the elements
– Arranged his periodic table by atomic
mass
– Said properties of unknown elements
could be predicted by the properties
of elements around the missing
element
The Father of the Periodic Table—
Dimitri Mendeleev
–Predicted Aluminum (Al)
• It was later discovered that
the periodic nature of the
elements was associated with
atomic number, not atomic
mass
–Periodic means patterns
What is the PERIODIC
TABLE?
o Shows all known
elements in the
universe.
o Organizes the
elements by
chemical
properties.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
What do the numbers and
Letters mean?
Element Name Atomic Number:
The number of
protons in its atom.
Atomic Number
Element’s Chemical
Symbol
Atomic Mass:
The mass of one atom of
Atomic Mass
the element
Key to the Periodic Table
• Elements are
organized on
the table
according to
their atomic
number.
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
o The number of
protons found in the
nucleus of an atom
Or
o The number of
electrons
surrounding the
nucleus of an atom.
What is the SYMBOL?
oAn
abbreviation
of the
element
name.
What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?
oThe number of
protons and
neutrons in the
nucleus of an
atom.
Atomic Mass
• Atomic Mass refers
to the “weight” of
the atom.
• It is derived at by
adding the number This is a helium atom. Its
atomic mass is 4 (protons
of protons with the plus neutrons).
number of
neutrons. What is its atomic
number?
How do I find the number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons in
an element using the periodic table?
o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC
WEIGHT NUMBER
Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons
are the electrons in
the outer energy
level of an atom.
• These are the
electrons that are
transferred or
shared when atoms
bond together.
Rows are called “Periods”
• Periods = rows
• From left to right
• What do elements in a
row have in common?
– the same number of
electron shells
Columns are called “Groups” or
Families
• Column = group =
families
• What do elements in a
group have in common?
– same number of valence
electrons (electrons in
the outer shell)
• They share similar characteristics with
the other elements in their family.
• Group 1: 1 valence electron
• Group 2: 2 valence electrons
• Group 13: 3 valence electrons
• Group 14: 4 valence electrons
• Group 15: 5 valence electrons
• Group 16: 6 valence electrons
• Group 17: 7 valence electrons
• Group 18: 8 valence electrons except
He who has 2
Properties of Metals
• Good conductors of heat
and electricity
• Shiny.
• Ductile (can be stretched
into thin wires)
• Malleable (can be
pounded into thin
sheets)
• A chemical property of
metal is its reaction with
water which results in
corrosion.
Properties of Non-Metals
• Poor conductors of
heat and electricity
• Not ductile or
malleable
• Brittle and break
easily
• Dull
• Many non-metals are
gases.
Sulfur
Properties of Metalloids
• Have properties of both metals
and non-metals
• Solids that can be shiny or dull.
• Conduct heat and electricity better
than non-metals but not as well as
metals.
• They are ductile and malleable.
Silicon
