BUILDING SERVICES-II
Transmission Of
Electricity And
Service Connections
Submitted By
Bhargavi S P 1SI20AT003
Deeksha S Pal 1SI20AT004
Sumukha K 1SI20AT026
CONTENTS
SOURCES
TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
SERVICE PANEL BOARDS
RENEWABLE SOURCES
SOURCES
NON - RENEWABLE SOURCES
Transmission Of Electricity
Electrical transmission is the process of delivering generated electricity - usually over
long distances - to the distribution grid located in populated areas.
Electricity is delivered to consumers through a complex network
Electricity is generated at power plants and moves through a complex system, sometimes called the grid, of electricity
substations, transformers, and power lines that connect electricity producers and consumers. Most local grids are
interconnected for reliability and commercial purposes, forming larger, more dependable networks that enhance the
coordination and planning of electricity supply.
Transmission Of Electricity
Methods
• Overhead transmission system
• Underground transmission system
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF
TRANSMISSION OF
ELECTRICITY
• Uninterrupted Electricity
Constant and reliable power supply.
The supply of power is expected to cover a wide national footprint
to maximise access to electricity.
They get safe, adequate, reliable and affordable services in the
generation, transmission, distribution and trading of electricity.
• Consumer Protection
To facilitate constant communication with consumers to ensure they
understand their rights and obligations.
Ensure materials on consumer rights (safety, service, e.t.c) are up to
date, available and readily accessible.
• Fair Regulation
Firm and fair enforcement of its rules and regulations.
Overhead Lines
Conditions –
Strong enough to stand during adverse climate conditions.
All metallic portion should be connected to earth.
Voltage at the tail end should be within the prescribed limits.
Maximum length of the span for installation – with….
Wooden poles 40-50 mts
Tubular poles 50-80 mts
RCC poles 80-100 mts
Steel poles 100-130 mts
Overhead Lines
Advantages –
• Easy to repair as the location of fault can be easily detected.
• Initial installation cost is low.
• Jointing in OH connection is easy.
Disadvantages -
• Maintenance cost is high.
• Not safe because of chances of lighting and thunder storm.
• Shabby appearance.
• Interference of telephone lines and accidents.
Underground Lines
Advantages –
• Longer life
• Safety
• Service reliability
• Good appearance
Disadvantages -
• System is costlier
• Maintenance is difficult
• Not suitable for uneven site and under higher water table
Service Connections
Service Connections
Service connections -Service Connection means all cables and equipment, including all
metering equipment, load management equipment, all high, medium or low voltage switchgear
and cables required to connect the supply mains to the electrical installation of the consumer at
the point of supply
Objectives
Service connection equipments basically provide a connection between the power company service and facility and also measures the
amount of electricity a facility uses.
Methods
• Overhead service connection
• Underground service connection
Overhead Service Connections
Overhead service connection Path
For customers with overhead electrical service, the primary power comes from the utility company's power
lines via a transformer mounted on the power pole. The heavy lines that hang between the transformer and the
house are collectively called the service drop. These must be a minimum of 12 feet above a driveway.
The point of attachment to a house's service connection
should be a minimum of 10 feet above the ground. The
service drop typically connects to the house at the top of a
vertical pipe called a masthead or weather head. This
connection point is called the service point and in many
cases represents the dividing line between the utility and the
customer. From the service point, the service entrance
conductors carry the electricity to the home's service panel
or breaker box.
Underground Service Connections
Underground service connection Path
With underground service, the service lines between the utility transformer and the house are known as the
service lateral, and the service entrance conductors often travel up to the service panel rather than down from
the roof. The service lateral cables must be protected in the ground by conduit until they reach a depth of four
feet.
Underground service cables are connected to the utility company’s
pole and fed down a pipe into the ground. Then, they run horizontally
through a bored hole in the ground and up into a ground-based
transformer. The primary connection to the transformer is called the
line connection.
The secondary side of the transformer has service cables that connect
to your home's electric meter and service panel (breaker box).
Alternately, there may be a pole-mounted transformer where the
secondary is fed down the pole, underground, and then run to your
home and up to the meter inside PVC pipe.
Which is better? Underground feeds or overhead feeds🤔
On a larger scale, utilities report that it often costs five times more to install underground power
lines than overhead lines.
The advantage of the underground feed is that there are no visible wires present, virtually eliminating the
possibility of damage by storms and other weather events. Underground feeds also offer a much cleaner look.
• Cost of Underground vs. Overhead Feeders
Overhead feeds use triplex aluminum wire that is much cheaper and less time-consuming to install than underground wiring
• Safety Factors of Underground vs. Overhead Feeders
With overhead lines, you have to watch that tall trucks, farm implements, augers, and other tall pieces of equipment don’t get
tangled in them. With underground feeders, you have to watch out when you are digging. Digging around underground feeders
is a disaster waiting to happen!
• Before you dig anywhere in your yard, safety measures has to be taken
Power distribution systems are used in every residential,
commercial, and industrial building to safely control the
distribution of electrical power throughout the facility.
Residential Power Distribution :Most of us are familiar with the power
distribution system found in the average home. Power, purchased from a
utility company, enters the house through a metering device. The
power is then distributed by a load center to various branch
circuits for lighting, appliances, and electrical outlets.
Commercial and Industrial Power distribution systems used in multi-
family, commercial,
Power Distribution and industrial facilities are more complex. A power
distribution
system consists of metering devices to measure power
consumption, main and branch disconnects, protective devices,
switching devices to start and stop power flow, conductors,
and transformers. Power may be distributed through various
switchboards, transformers, and panelboards.
panel boards
Electrical distribution systems, whether simple or complex,
typically include panelboards, the focus of this course. Even the
load center used in a home is a type of panelboard. However,
the focus of this course is on panelboards used in commercial
and industrial facilities.
A panelboard is a type of enclosure for overcurrent protection
devices and the busses and connections that provide power
to these devices and their associated circuits. According to the
National Electrical Code® (NEC®), a panelboard is:
• Used to control light, heat, or power circuits
• Placed in a cabinet or cutout box
• Mounted in or against a wall
• Accessible only from the front
Panelboards are frequently divided into two categories:
• Lighting and appliance branch-circuit panelboards
• Power panelboards (also called distribution
panelboards)
For example, a lighting and appliance, branch-circuit panelboard
had to have more than ten percent of its overcurrent protection
devices (not including main devices) protecting lighting and
appliance branch circuits. A lighting and appliance branch circuit
is one with a connection to the panelboard neutral and an
overcurrent protection device rated for 30 amps or less. For the
purpose of this definition, each pole of a device is considered
as one device. Additionally, a lighting and appliance panelboard
was allowed a maximum of 42 overcurrent protection devices
(poles) in any one cabinet or cutout box.
The electrical panel board is a place where the electrical power is received, controlled,
monitored, switched, and distributed. The electrical panel board is designed in such a way
that we can control the electrical loads or electrical from a particular place safely.
Electrical panels consist of so many circuits, switches, feeders, indication lights,
protective devices, etc. A good panel board should be designed as it has the following
features,
• Should be compact in size as much as possible
• Easy to control all the components or devices
• Must have the connection points to connect to the ground or earth.
• It should ensure the high electrical safety
• Indications are should be proper and clearly visible
• Easy to maintenance or repairing
Examples of Panel Board
The common examples of electrical panel boards are MCB Box, Switch Gear panels, Low
Voltage Panels, Motor Control Panels, Electrical power distribution panels, etc.
THANK
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