UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

UNIT-1
Bachelor of Science (Computer Science)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(21SCT212)

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Agenda
1. Overview of Database Management System
2. Advantages of Database Management System
3. Disadvantages of Database Management System
4. Components of DBMS
5. DBMS Languages Introduction
6. Types of DBMS Languages

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DBMS

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 Database Management System

• Database management system is a software which is used to manage the

database. For example: MYSQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial
database which is used in different applications.
• DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation,
storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
• It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it
also maintains data consistency.

There are many other DBMSs available in market like dBase, FoxBASE, FoxPro,
Oracle, Unify, Access, IBM DB2, SQLITE, Maria DB etc.

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 Database Management System
1. A program whose job is to store and retrieve user data in the database is called:
A). Database Management System
B). Data Business Management Service
C). Database Modelling System
D). Data Business Model System
2. Disadvantages of File systems to store data is:
A. Data isolation
B.) Data redundancy and inconsistency
C.) Difficulty in accessing data
D.) All options are correct

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Database Management System

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 Advantages of DBMS
• Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores
all the data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the
database.
• Integrity can be maintained: It can be maintained by applying constraints to the
table
• Inconsistency can be Removed : As the database is centralized the database so
changes once made are reflected to all the tables where a particulars field is
stored.
• Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the
data among multiple users.

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 Advantages of DBMS
• Confliction can be removed: As DBA is responsible for DBMS so DBA select
the best file structure and accessing strategy to get better performance for the
representation and use of the data
• Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic
backup of data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if
required.
• multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like
graphical user interfaces, application program interfaces
• Security can be maintained: Passwords can be applied in a database system or
file can be secured by DBA. Also in a database system, there are different coding
techniques to code the data i.e. safe the data from unauthorized access.

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 Polling Questions:
Database Management System (DBMS) is:
A. Collection of data describing one particular enterprise
b. Collection of programs to access data
c. Collection of interrelated data
d. All Options are correct

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 Disadvantages of DBMS
• Cost of additional Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed of data
processor and large memory size to run DBMS software.
• Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them efficiently.
• Complexity of backup and recovery: Backup and recovery are fairly complex in
DBMS environment.
• Higher impact of failure: Failure is highly impacted the database because in most
of the organization, all the data stored in a single database and if the database is
damaged due to electric failure or database corruption then the data may be lost
forever.
• Threat to data Integrity: Since a large number of users could be using .a database
concurrently, technical safeguards are necessary to ensure that the data remain
correct during operation.
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 Polling Questions:
Database management systems are intended to __________.
A. eliminate data redundancy
B. establish relationship among records in different files
C. manage file access
D. All Options are correct

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 Polling Questions:
Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
A. Difficult to update
B. Lack of data independence
C. Data redundancy
D. All Options are correct

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Components of DBMS

Figure : Components of DBMS

 Components of DBMS
A database system has four components. These four components are important for
understanding and designing the database system. These are:
 1. Data
 2. Hardware
 3. Software
    4. Users

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 Components of DBMS
1. Data may be of different types:
User Data:
It consists of a table(s) of data called relation where columns are called
fields or attributes and rows are called records or tuples. A relation must be
structured properly.
Metadata:
Metadata, or data about data, is the data that describes the properties or
characteristics of end- user data and context of that data. System tables store
metadata which include information about the structure of each table, the
type of each field and various constraints on data. To sum up metadata
provides complete picture of data in a database.

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 Components of DBMS
3. Software
      Software is another major part of the database system. The software part
mainly consists of DBMS which act as a bridge between user and the database.
The DBMS software manages the database within the database system. Some
commonly used DBMS software includes Oracle, MS-Access, My-Sql Server,
Dbase, DB2.
In addition to DBMS software, the software component also includes operating
system and application programs.
The application programs use the facilities of the DBMS to access and manipulate
data found within the database to generate reports and other information that
helps in decision making. They are generally written in programming languages
like C, C++, Java etc.
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 Components of DBMS
2. Hardware

      Hardware is also a major and primary part of the database. Without hardware
nothing can be done. The definition of Hardware is “which we can touch and see”,
i.e. it has physical existences. All physical quantity or items are in this category.
For example, all the hardware input/output and storage devices like keyboard,
mouse, scanner, monitor, storage devices (hard disk, magnetic disk, and magnetic
drum) etc. are commonly used with a computer system.

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 Components of DBMS
4. Users
  Without user all of the above said components (data, hardware &
software) are meaningless. User can collect the data, operate and handle the
hardware. This means users are those persons who need information from the
database to carry out the primary business responsibilities.
The various types of users are:
• Database Administrator (DBA)
• Database Designers
• End Users
• Application Programmers

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 Polling Questions:
  The language which has recently become the standard for interfacing application
programs with relational database system is:
A). Oracle
B). SQL
C). DBase
D). 4GL
DBA stands for
a. Database Administrator
b. Data Administrator
c. Database Adder
d. Database Application
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DBMS Languages
DML Commands
DDL Commands
DCL Commands
TCL Commands
 Key Terms
• Concurrency control strategies: features of a database that allow several users
access to the same data item at the same time

• Data type: determines the sort of data permitted in a field, for example numbers
only

• Data uniqueness: ensures that no duplicates are entered

• Database constraint: a restriction that determines what is allowed to be entered

or edited in a table

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 Key Terms
• Metadata: defines and describes the data and relationships between tables in
the database

• Read and write privileges: the ability to both read and modify a file

• Read-only access: the ability to read a file but not make changes

• View: a subset of the database

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 References of Text Books

Fundamentals of Database Systems by R.Elmasri and S.B.Navathe, Pearson

Education, New Delhi.

An Introduction to Database Systems by C.J. Date, Pearson Education, New

Delhi.

A Guide to the SQL Standard, Data, C. and Darwen, H, Reading, Addison-

Wesley Publications, New Delhi.

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THANK YOU