Cell Division:
Meiosis
Prepared By:
Rielle Jay S. Tanaman
BSE – S IV
MITOSIS
A form of eukaryotic cell division that produces two
01
daughter cells with the same genetic component as the
parent cell.
02 Results in diploid daughter cells (chromosome number
remains the same as parent cell)
03 Involves only one cell division.
The major purpose is for growth and to replace worn out
04 cells.
- Somatic cells: 46 Chromosomes. - Sex cells: 23 Chromosomes
- Internal Organs - Sperm Cells (Male)
- Skin - Egg Cells (Female)
- Bones
- Blood
MEIOSIS
MEIOSI
S • Ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each
• is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
generation.
• It is a two-step process (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) that reduces the
chromosome number by half—from 46 to 23—to form sperm and egg cells.
• When the sperm and egg cells unite at conception, each contributes 23
chromosomes so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46.
• Meiosis also allows genetic variation through a process of gene shuffling
while the cells are dividing.
MEIOSIS
• Meiosis I separates the pairs of homologous chromosomes.
I
2 Significant Events
Occur:
- Synapsis
- Crossing over
Synapsis
Also known as the pairing of homologous
chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes
- Two chromosomes similar to each other in terms of
size, shape, and they carry the same type of genes.
Prophase I
Crossing Over
Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic materials
from one another.
(Exchange of genetic material between
maternal and paternal chromosome.)
Paternal Maternal
Chromosome Chromosome Tetrad
(Four sister chromatids in a set)
• The chromosome pairs line up next to each
other along the centre (equator) of the cell.
• The centrioles are now at opposites poles of
the cell with the meiotic spindles extending
from them.
• The meiotic spindle fibres attach to one
chromosome of each pair.
Metaphase I
• The pair of chromosomes are then pulled
apart by the meiotic spindle, which pulls one
chromosome to one pole of the cell and the
other chromosome to the opposite pole.
• In meiosis I the sister chromatids stay
together. This is different to what happens in
mitosis and meiosis II.
Anaphase I
• The chromosomes complete their move to
the opposite poles of the cell.
• At each pole of the cell a full set of
chromosomes gather together.
• A membrane forms around each set of
chromosomes to create two new nuclei.
• The single cell then pinches in the middle to
form two separate daughter cells each
containing a full set of chromosomes within a Telophase I
nucleus. This process is known as
cytokinesis. And
Cytokinesis
MEIOSIS II
• Meiosis II separates each chromosome into two chromatids.
• A phase similar to Mitosis
What happens in Prophase II?
• Now there are two daughter cells, each with 23
chromosomes (23 pairs of chromatids).
• In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes
condense again into visible X-shaped structures that can be
easily seen under a microscope.
• The membrane around the nucleus in each daughter cell
dissolves away releasing the chromosomes.
• The centrioles duplicate.
• The meiotic spindle forms again.
Metaphase II
• In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes (pair of
sister chromatids) line up end-to-end along the equator of
the cell.
• The centrioles are now at opposites poles in each of the
daughter cells.
• Meiotic spindle fibres at each pole of the cell attach to each
of the sister chromatids.
Anaphase II
• The sister chromatids are then pulled to opposite
poles due to the action of the meiotic spindle.
• The separated chromatids are now individual
chromosomes.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis
• The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite
poles of the cell.
• At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather
together.
• A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to
create two new cell nuclei.
• Each daughter cell separates into two forming four
daughter cells.
Meiosis II
Results in the formation of four
daughter cells with half the number
(haploid) of chromosomes from the
original parent cell.
SIGNIFICANCE OF
MEIOSIS
Meiosis ensures that the correct number of chromosomes will
be passed from parents to offspring. It ensures that your egg cell
or sperm cell only has 23 chromosomes so that when the zygote
is formed, it will have just the right number which is 46
chromosomes.
RECAP:
MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
MEIOSIS II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
OOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS
SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS
Resources:
• yourgenome, (2017). What is Meiosis? yourgenome.org. Retrieved February 7, 2022 from
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis
• University of Leicester (2021). The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. Creative Commons Licence UK. Retrieved
February 7, 2022 from
https://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/oer/oers/genetics/oers/The%20cell%20cycle/The%20cell%20cycle-TRF.pdf
• MedlinePlus (2021). How do cells divide? National Library of Medicine US. Retrieved February 7, 2022 from
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/cellsdivide/#:~:text=Most%20of%20the%20
time%20when,creates%20egg%20and%20sperm%20cells.&text=During%20mitosis%2C%20a%20cell%20dupli
cates,form%20two%20identical%20daughter%20cells
.
• yourgenome, (2017). What is Mitosis? yourgenome.org. Retrieved February 7, 2022 from
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-mitosis#:~:text=Mitosis%20is%20a%20process%20where,to%20r
eplace%20worn%20out%20cells
.
• Teachtalk, (2021). Meiosis | Biology. Youtube.com. Retrieved February 7, 2022 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-jyj8_FxqQ “By : MyFreeSlides.com”
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